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Understanding the Elements and Principles of Art

Explore how Line, Color, Value, Shape, Form, Space, Texture, Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Variety, and Proportion come together to create engaging artworks. Learn the key concepts used by artists throughout history.

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Understanding the Elements and Principles of Art

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  1. TheElementsandPrinciplesofArt

  2. The Elements of Art The building blocks or ingredients of art.

  3. LINE A mark with length and direction. A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point. Gustave Caillebotte Ansel Adams

  4. Pablo Picasso

  5. COLOUR Alexander Calder Consists of Hue (another word for colour), Intensity (brightness) and Value (lightness or darkness). It is the reflected light that is perceived through the brain. Henri Matisse

  6. VALUE The lightness or darkness of a colour. Values represent the tonal range between black and white. Pablo Picasso MC Escher

  7. SHAPE An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements; 2-dimensional. Joan Miro

  8. Roy Lichtenstein

  9. FORM For example, a triangle, which is 2-dimensional, is a shape, but a pyramid, which is 3-dimensional, is a form. A 3-dimensional object; or something in a 2-dimensional artwork that appears to be 3-dimensional. Lucien Freud Jean Arp

  10. S P A C E The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things. Background Middleground Positive (filled with something) and Negative (empty areas). Foreground Claude Monet

  11. TEXTURE The surface quality or "feel" of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. Textures may be real (surface of sculpture) or implied (drawn tree bark, prickly cactus).

  12. Cecil Buller

  13. The Principles of Art The strategies we use to organize the Elements of Art, or the tools to make art.

  14. BALANCE The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work. Alexander Calder

  15. Symmetrical Balance The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other. Same on both sides. Formal, simple, less interesting, stable. Leonardo DaVinci

  16. Asymmetrical Balance When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other. Informal, more complex, interesting James Whistler

  17. Radial Balance Balanced from the centre outward

  18. What type of balance is this?

  19. And this?

  20. What about this?

  21. EMPHASIS The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stand out the most. • May be achieved through: • Proportion • Colour intensity • Location • Converging lines • Contrast What attracts the viewer’s eye first. Jim Dine Gustav Klimt

  22. RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM and MOVEMENT A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement. Directs the viewer’s eye to follow a continuous path around the composition Marcel Duchamp

  23. How is rhythm and movement achieved here?

  24. Vincent VanGogh

  25. UNITY Visual harmony When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image. Like invisible glue that joins all the separate parts so they belong together in one successful composition. Johannes Vermeer

  26. VARIETY The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work. Diversity of elements Marc Chagall

  27. PROPORTION The relationship between Elements of varying sizes in a composition. Gustave Caillebotte

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