Wastewater Risk Abatement Planning: Ensuring Public and Environmental Health

1. Wastewater Risk Abatement Planning Presented by: S Makate Water Services Regulation WWRAP Rand Water Date: 21 Feb 2018 PRESENTATION TITLE Presented by: Name Surname Directorate Date

2. Most human activities carry at least some degree of risk, and depending on our skill and experience we might find some risks handleable and others not! The more we know about the risk the better we are able to deal with it.

4. What is a WWRAP • There are many risk-based applications and multi-barrier approaches in world • W2RAP is however the 1st of its kind globally, SA’s own initiative • Direct link between: • The WWRAP, identifies and manage risks in the collection, treatment system and receiving environment. • Where ‘wastewater’ is one of the key risks on drinking water side • The W2RAP shows the link to the Blue- and Green Drop regulatory programmes in South Africa. • Therefore, it closes the gap between drinking water assurance and wastewater quality - BOTH critical elements of SA water security

5. Why SA needs a WWRAP • Wastewater collection & treatment systems operate 24 hours, 7 days, 365 days of the year. • Limited control over the quantity and quality of the raw wastewater. • These municipal assets operate in aggressive and corrosive environments, with aging infrastructure. • The W2RAP process is to document risks and to establish control measures to mitigate/manage any operation or situation which will cause harm to public and environmental health. • To mitigate potential risks = W2RAP as primary risk management tool • W2RAP encompasses all steps in the wastewater value chain: • production of sewage • transport and treatment • discharge or reuse of final effluent or sludge.

6. Why SA needs a WWRAP • 963 treatment facilities in SA. • Designed to convey and treat 6,509,000 klwastewater /day and 357,500 kl of sludge per day • Actual flow to WWTW is 5128,8 Ml/day, leaving a spare capacity of 1 380,9 Ml/day. • GDPAT 2014 revealed R 3.2 billion spent on capital projects. • Further growth: expanding population, housing, industrial activity, and upgrade of infrastructure surpassing its 20 year life cycle • Technology development for wastewater and its by-products for its potential commercial value.

7. Risk Based Regulation Improving Quality of Water Services through Risk Management Implementation Water Safety Planning Wastewater Risk Abatement Planning (W2RAP) Asset Management + Cost Reflective Tariff Management

8. Green Drop Criteria risk 

9. Criteria for Risk Based Regulation

10. 

11. Risk as a metric • allows the Regulator to regulate in domains that represent the highest risk to non-compliance of norms and standards • allows the WSI to identify and prioritise the critical risk areas within its wastewater system and to take corrective measures to abate them. It must be noted: The Regulator will no longer ask only ‘show us the plan’, but will ask ‘ show us how the implementation of the plan succeeded in addressing the health-based and environmental targets’

12. Use a Risk Abatement Planning Process to facilitate risk-based decision making and ensure that corrective measures and resources prioritised to address high risk areas first; KPA-5

13. Full coverage of wastewater value chain, i.e. Wastewater Balance - all wastewater generated at source be delivered via the networks and pumpstations to the treatment plant, and receiving environment as effluent and sludge. Gravity flow Losses reported in the Incident Management Register and rectified via the IMP Q1 = 1000 kl wastewater generated Q2 = 1000 kl wastewater reticulated Q4 = 50 kl sludge +, 950 kl effluent discharged Q3 = 1000 kl wastewater treated

16. SYSTEM ASSESSMENT Assemble the team to prepare the W2RAP Document and describe each system Assess existing / new systems, compile PFDs Conduct hazard assessment and risk characterisation. Rate and prioritise risks RISK ASSESSMENT Define operational limits and optimise systems Establish incident response, preventative and corrective actions RISK MANAGEMENT Establish monitoring and reporting system and management procedures to verify that W2RAP is working effectively and meeting targets Implement W2RAP as integrated part of operational and management systems AUDIT, REVIEW, ADJUST AND APPROVE

17. Document and describe each system • Catchment • Maps and catchment layout plans • Water quality objectives of the receiving resource • Restrictions on effluent quality limits within the catchment • Upstream and downstream activities • Collection and reticulation • Gravity and pump systems • Age, capacity and condition of main collectors and pumping mains • Industrial / domestic sources • Infiltration of potable water or ground water to sewer network • Ingress of stormwater to sewer network • Treatment facility • Capacity and plant classification • Age, upgrade history • Technology, process units • Sludge management • Authorisation and legal requirements • Plans to upgrade, short and long term • Facilities to become redundant • Buildings, structures, landscaping, fences

18. Assess existing / new systems, compile PFDs (…use Process Audits, Sewer Inspection]

19. Implement W2RAP as integrated part of operational & management systems AUDIT, REVIEW, ADJUST AND APPROVE • The risk assessment should be conducted: • at a frequency that ensures that all spatial and temporal risks are apparent (minimum annually). • change in raw sewage or infrastructure which may affect meeting the effluent standard or sludge quality; • after significant failure of any component process in the Wastewater value chain; • a new treatment system is put into service; • a refurbished treatment system is re-commissioned; • a new network or pumping system is put into service; • a drainage zone is altered.

20. The W2RAP process is NOT: • A document only… • it is a comprehensive wastewater management approach and culture based on risk management principles; • A new concept… • it is a structured approach amalgamating best practices from various scientific and technical origin; • A desktop assessment of the wastewater business • includes physical inspection and implementation of agreed activities to improve the quality of effluent, the safety of the sludge handling • A checklist exercise against a suite of generic risks • it involves a physical inspection of the sewer network, pumpstations, treatment plant, laboratory and receiving environment; which then leads to risk identification, rating and planning by a team comprising a range of competencies.

21. Thank you