Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes

1. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

2. Questions / Comments

3. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition that a T-Tail in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

4. Flight Control SystemsT-Tail • The forces required to raise the nose of a T-tail aircraft are greater than those for a conventional-tail aircraft. • The pilot must be aware that the required control forces are greater at slow speeds during takeoffs, landings, or stalls than for similar size aircraft equipped with conventional tails.

5. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

6. Flight Control SystemsT-Tail • When flying at a very high AOA with a low airspeed and an aft CG, the T-tail aircraft may be susceptible to a deep stall. • In a deep stall, the airflow over the horizontal tail is blanketed by the disturbed airflow from the wings and fuselage.

7. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition that a T-Tail in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

8. Flight Control SystemsStabilator • A stabilator is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point.

9. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition that a T-Tail in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

10. Flight Control SystemsStabilator • Becausestabilatorspivot around a central hinge point, they are extremely sensitive to control inputs and aerodynamic loads. • Antiservotabs are incorporated on the trailing edge to decrease sensitivity.

11. Warm-Up – 1/14 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • With a T-Tail aircraft, describe what a pilot must be aware of during slow speeds. • Describe the condition that a T-Tail in which a T-Tail is susceptible to a deep stall. • Describe a stabilator on a T-Tail aircraft? • Describe anti-servo tabs and their purpose. • What prevents a pilot from overcontrolling a T-Tail aircraft with a stabilator?

12. Flight Control SystemsStabilator • They deflect in the same direction as the stabilator. • This results in an increase in the force required to move the stabilator, thus making it less prone to pilot-induced overcontrolling.

13. Questions / Comments

14. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • January 14 • 1909 — Wilbur Wright, his brother Orville and sister Katharine, having just arrived from America, move to Pau in the south of France after completing flying demonstrations at Camp d'Auvers.

15. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • January 14 • 1935 — United Air Lines decides to equip its fleet with a de-icing system for airplane wings, following successful tests on a Boeing 247.

16. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • January 14 • 1957 — The USAF signed a $74 million contract for Convair F-102A “Delta Dagger” supersonic all-weather fighters.

17. Questions / Comments

18. January 2014

19. Questions / Comments

20. AVIATION ACES • Morgan, Landon • Alvarez, Miguel • Buchanan, Robert • Dang, Minh • Davis, Mark • Frazier, Noah • Hetrick, Mark • Jennings, Michael • Morgan, Jacob • Woodruff, Michael 2A Pilots (A – 93 & above) 2A Co-Pilots (B – 85 – 92) High Shooter (Score) 96%

21. AVIATION ACES • Bingham, Jake • Camacho, Ray • Lee, John • Nelson, Alex • Corlett, Marc • Mickel, Dalton 3A Pilots (A – 93 & above) 3A Co-Pilots (B – 85 – 92) High Shooter (Score) 100%

22. Questions / Comments

23. Chapter 5 – Flight Controls FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

24. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • Identify in writing the flight control systems a pilot uses to control the forces of flight, and the aircraft’s direction and attitude. • Describe how the flight control systems and characteristics can vary greatly depending on the type of aircraft flown. • Describe in writing the basic flight control system designs. • EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

25. Flight Control SystemsCanard • The canard design utilizes the concept of two lifting surfaces, the canard functioning as a horizontal stabilizer located in front of the main wings. • In effect, the canard is an airfoil similar to the horizontal surface on a conventional aft-tail design.

26. Flight Control SystemsCanard • The difference is that the canard actually creates lift and holds the nose up, as opposed to the aft-tail design which exerts downward force on the tail to prevent the nose from rotating downward.

27. Flight Control SystemsCanard • Theoretically, the canard is considered more efficient because using the horizontal surface to help lift the weight of the aircraft should result in less drag for a given amount of lift.

28. Flight Control SystemsRudder • The rudder controls movement of the aircraft about its vertical axis. • The rudder is a movable surface hinged to a fixed surface, in this case to the vertical stabilizer.

29. Flight Control SystemsRudder • By pushing the left pedal, the rudder moves left. • This creates a sideward lift that moves the tail to the right and yaws the nose of the airplane to the left.

30. Flight Control SystemsRudder • Rudder effectiveness increases with speed; therefore, large deflections at low speeds and small deflections at high speeds may be required to provide the desired reaction.

31. Flight Control SystemsV-Tail • The V-tail design utilizes two slanted tail surfaces to perform the same functions as the surfaces of a conventional elevator and rudder configuration. • The fixed surfaces act as both horizontal and vertical stabilizers.

32. Flight Control SystemsV-Tail • The movable surfaces, which are usually called ruddervators, are connected through a special linkagethat allows the control wheel to move both surfaces simultaneously.

33. Flight Control SystemsV-Tail • On the other hand, displacement of the rudder pedals moves the surfaces differentially, thereby providing directional control. • A control mixing mechanism moves each surface the appropriate amount.

34. Flight Control SystemsV-Tail • The V-tail design is more susceptible to Dutch roll tendencies than a conventional tail, and total reduction in drag is minimal.

35. Flight Control SystemsSecondary Flight Controls • Secondary flight control systems: • Consist of wing flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems.

36. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • The most common high-lift devices used on aircraft are attached to the trailing edge of the wing, increase both lift and induced drag for any given AOA.

37. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • Flaps allow a compromise between high cruising speed and low landing speed, because they may be extended when needed, and retracted into the wing’s structure when not needed.

38. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • There are four common types of flaps: • plain, split, slotted, and Fowler flaps.

39. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • The plain flap is the simplest of the four types.

40. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • It increases the airfoil camber, resulting in a significant increase in the coefficient of lift (CL) at a given AOA. • At the same time, it greatly increases drag and moves the center of pressure (CP) aft on the airfoil, resulting in a nose-down pitching moment.

41. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • The split flap is deflected from the lower surface of the airfoil and produces a slightly greater increase in lift than the plain flap. • When fully extended, both plain and split flaps produce high drag with little additional lift.

42. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • The most popular flap on aircraft today is the slotted flap. • Slotted flaps increase the lift coefficient significantly more than plain or split flaps.

43. Secondary Flight ControlsFlaps • Fowler flaps are a type of slotted flap. • This flap design not only changes the camber of the wing, it also increases the wing area. • Instead of rotating down on a hinge, it slides backwards on tracks.

44. Questions / Comments

45. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 3. List 3 things you learned today. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1