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Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet?
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Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning • Water on the runways reduces the friction between the tires and the ground, and can reduce braking effectiveness. • This is also true of braking effectiveness when runways are covered in ice.
Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning • Landing at higher than recommended touchdown speeds will expose the aircraft to a greater potential for hydroplaning. • And once hydroplaning starts, it can continue well below the minimum initial hydroplaning speed.
Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Takeoff Performance • Depending on the aircraft characteristics, the lift-off speed will be anywhere from 1.05 to 1.25 times the stall speed or minimum control speed.
Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Takeoff Performance • 1. Higher lift-off speed • 2. Greater mass to accelerate • 3. Increased retarding force (drag and ground friction)
Warm-Up – 5/5 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What is a major concern with water on runways with respect to aircraft operation? • What is the concern if an aircraft lands at higher speed when a runway is wet? • What is the norm for takeoff speeds of an aircraft? • Describe the three concerns with a heavy aircraft during takeoff. • What is required if there is an increase in weight in order for an aircraft to takeoff?
Takeoff Performance • If the gross weight increases, a greater speed is necessary to produce the greater lift necessary to get the aircraft airborne.
THIS DAY IN AVIATION • May 5 • 1930 — The first solo flight from England to Australia by a woman is made by British Amy Johnson in a De Havilland D.H.60G “Moth.” • She flies from Croydon, England to Darwin, Australia in 19 days.
THIS DAY IN AVIATION • May 5 • 1961 — USAF Air Rescue Service participated in first NASA suborbital flight.
THIS DAY IN AVIATION • May 5 • 1961 — Commander Alan B. Shepard, Jr., United States Navy, becomes the second man to explore space when he rides his Mercury “Freedom 7” capsule, launched by a Redstone missile, to 115 miles above the Earth. • It is three weeks since Yuri Gagarin's first manned space flight.
THIS DAY IN AVIATION • May 5 • 1968 — The first non-stop Atlantic crossing by an executive jet aircraft is made as a Grumman “Gulfstream II” lands in London, England after completing a 3,500-mile (5,633 km) flight from Teterboro, New Jersey.
Chapter 10 – Aircraft Performance FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • Describe the factors that affect aircraft performance. • Identify how aircraft weight, atmospheric conditions, runway environment, and the fundamental physical laws governing the forces can affect aircraft performance. • EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.
Takeoff Performance • The effect of wind on takeoff distance is large. • The effect of a headwind is to allow the aircraft to reach the lift-off speed at a lower groundspeed while the effect of a tailwind is to require the aircraft to achieve a greater groundspeed to attain the lift-off speed.
Takeoff Performance • The effect of wind on landing distance is identical to its effect on takeoff distance.
Takeoff Performance • The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially important when runway lengths and takeoff distances are critical. • The takeoff speeds specified in the AFM/POH are generally the minimum safe speeds at which the aircraft can become airborne.
Takeoff Performance • Any attempt to take off below the recommended speed means that the aircraft could stall, be difficult to control, or have a very low initial rate of climb.
Takeoff Performance • Excessive airspeed at takeoff may improve the initial rate of climb and “feel” of the aircraft, but will produce an undesirable increase in takeoff distance.
Landing Performance • The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance.
Landing Performance • One effect of an increased gross weight is that a greater speed will be required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient.
Landing Performance • The effect of wind on landing distance is large and deserves proper consideration when predicting landing distance.
Landing Performance • The principal effect of wind on landing distance is the change in the groundspeed at which the aircraft touches down.
Landing Performance • The landing speeds specified in the AFM/POH are generally the minimum safe speeds at which the aircraft can be landed.
Landing Performance • Any attempt to land at below the specified speed may mean that the aircraft may stall, be difficult to control, or develop high rates of descent.
Landing Performance • An excessive speed at landing may improve the controllability slightly (especially in crosswinds), but causes an undesirable increase in landing distance.
Landing Performance • The most critical conditions of landing performance are combinations of high gross weight, high density altitude, and unfavorable wind.
