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Norwegian Literature Einar Vannebo, 16.07.02. Pre Viking Age (3000BC-750AD) Viking Age (750-1050) Middle Ages – Literary Old Norse (1050-1370) Reformation/Humanism (1500s) Baroque (1600s) Enlightenment (1700s) Romanticism (1830s-1870) Realism (1870s) Naturalism (1880s)
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Norwegian LiteratureEinar Vannebo, 16.07.02 • Pre Viking Age (3000BC-750AD) • Viking Age (750-1050) • Middle Ages – Literary Old Norse (1050-1370) • Reformation/Humanism (1500s) • Baroque (1600s) • Enlightenment (1700s) • Romanticism (1830s-1870) • Realism (1870s) • Naturalism (1880s) • Neo-Romanticism/Symbolism (1890s) • Neo-Realism (1905-40) • Political radicalism/psychological realism (1920-40) • Post-World War II(1945-2002)
Pre-Viking Age (3000BC-750AD) • Rock carvings • Runes: Futhark older version 24 letters (200 inscriptions) younger version 16 letters (65 inscriptions)
Viking Age (750-1050) • Christianity • National kingdom (Saint Olav) • Norwegian/Icelandic common heritage
Middle Ages –Literary Old Norse (1050-1370) • Eddic poetry (written down after 1270) Hàvamàl - practical morality Voluspà – cosmology • Skaldic poetry – courtly poetry • Literature in the service of the Church - Religious verse - Saints’ lives - Sermons • Laws
Literary Old Norse ct • Historical literature - Kings’ sagas Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla - Family sagas (approx 30)
Medieval oral literature • Ballads - Dream Ballad • Legends • Folk tales
Reformation/Humanism (1500s) • Church under the sovereignty of the King • Service in the vernacular • Bible • Hymns
Baroque (1600s) • Hymns • Ministers submitted reports to the King about the conditions in their district • Petter Dass (1647-1707)
Enlightenment (1700s) • Belief in reason, science, progress • Ludvig Holberg (1684-1754) - Poet, novelist, moral philosopher - playwright 26 comedies (Molière of the North) - Jeppe on the Hill
Romanticism (1830s-1870) • Idealism • Artist – genius • History – growth • ”Soul of the nation” 1814: National independence - Henrik Wergeland (1808-45) Creation, Man and Messiah
National Romanticism 1840-1870 • Quest for national identity • Orientation to the past - National history: P.A. Munch - Folk tradition: Asbjørnsen and Moe - Language: Ivar Aasen • National breakthrough • History and folk tradition repository of motifs for contemporary authors - Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832-1910) - Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)
Realism 1870s • Modern breakthrough • Take up contemporary problems for discussion • Social, representative types • Plays, novels • The four great authors: Bjørnson, Ibsen, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie • Poetocracy
Naturalism 1880s • Heredity and environment - Amalie Skram (1846-1905) The People of Hellemyr - Arne Garborg (1852-1928) Peasant Students
Neo-Romaticism/Symbolism 1890s • Complex characters rather than social types • Irrationality, the unconscious • New style: poetic, break with normal syntax - Knut Hamsun (1859-1952) Hunger, Pan, Growth of the Soil
Neo-Realism (1905-40) • Interaction social setting/human psychology • Local setting, literary mapping of Norway • Quest for national identity: 1905 • Emphasis on moral and religious values • Epic literature; historical novels - Sigrid Undset (1882-1949) Kristin Lavransdatter - Olav Duun (1876-1939) The People of Juvik
Political radicalism/psychological realism 1920s - • Inspired by Freudianism and Marxism - Sigurd Hoel (1890-1960)
Post World War II • Psychological realism (1945-65) - Sigurd Hoel Meeting at the Milestone - Johan Borgen Lillelord-trilogy • Modernism (mid 1960s -) Profile group: Dag Solstad • Social Realism Feminist literature (1970s -) - Dag Solstad - Bjørg Vik
Post World War II • Fantastic literature Language conscious literature (1980s) - Kjartan Fløgstad - Jan Kjærstad • The eternal life of the narrative (1990s -) - Biographies - Novels exploring roots and cultural traditions Herbjørg Wassmo, Roy Jacobsen, Lars Saabye Christensen