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Microscale

Chapter 7 Circulation of the Atmosphere The Atmosphere 9e Lutgens & Tarbuck Power Point by Michael C. LoPresto. Microscale. Atmospheric Circulation Scales. Mesoscale Sea Breeze (occurs in afternoon). Mesoscale Land Breeze (occurs in early morning). Valley Breeze (afternoon).

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Microscale

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  1. Chapter 7Circulation of the AtmosphereThe Atmosphere 9eLutgens & TarbuckPower Point by Michael C. LoPresto

  2. Microscale

  3. Atmospheric Circulation Scales

  4. Mesoscale Sea Breeze (occurs in afternoon)

  5. Mesoscale Land Breeze (occurs in early morning)

  6. Valley Breeze (afternoon)

  7. Mountain Breeze (early morning)

  8. Other Common, Named Mesoscale Winds • Chinook – warm winter wind that descends off mountains (Foehn in Alps; Santa Ana in So. Cal.) • Katabatic – cold, powerful winter wind that descends off glaciers (mistral in Alps)

  9. Macroscale: Global Circulation Over-simplified global model (why is it wrong?)

  10. Best Model for Global Circulation

  11. Idealized & Actual Prevailing Global Winds

  12. Seasonal Pressure and Wind Patterns

  13. January Average Global Pressure and Winds

  14. July Average Global Pressure and Winds

  15. Monsoons • Seasonal wind (and precipitation) events on large continents • Cooling of land during winter creates high pressure, pushes air offshore (cold dry winds) • Heating of land during summer creates low pressure, sucks air inland (warm wet winds)

  16. Winter Monsoon Circulation

  17. L Summer Monsoon Circulation

  18. North American Monsoon L

  19. The Westerlies and the Jet Stream

  20. Jet Stream

  21. Jet Stream

  22. 300 mb Equal-Pressure Surface 4.15.05

  23. 300 mb Equal-Pressure Surface 4.15.05

  24. Rossby Waves

  25. Meridional and Zonal Flow

  26. Ocean Currents

  27. El Nino/Southern Oscillation

  28. Effects of El Nino

  29. ENSO El Nino Winter Surface Air Pressure Anomaly low high high low La Nina Winter Surface Air Pressure Anomaly

  30. 1997 ENSO Movie http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s997.htm http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ENSO/ http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/map/clim/sst_olr/el_nino_anim.shtml http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/map/clim/sst_olr/old_sst/sst_9798_anim.shtml http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ENSO/Compare/

  31. 1982-1983 ENSO Movie

  32. Average Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature

  33. Sea Surface Temperature March 2002

  34. ENSO Rainfall in North America El Nino Winter Precipitation Rate Anomaly La Nina Winter Precipitation Rate Anomaly

  35. Current ENSO conditions: Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (top) and temperature anomalies (bottom)

  36. Worldwide ENSO Effects Drought Flooding, erosion Drought Drought Tropical Storms Drought Utah: On average, ENSO years are normal, but some ENSO years have brought severe flooding Page 222

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