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Water, the Universal Solvent: Integrated Physics and Chemistry (9) Science Concepts

This lesson explores the structure and function of water as the universal solvent in everyday life. Topics include the polar covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding, and how water breaks apart ionic compounds.

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Water, the Universal Solvent: Integrated Physics and Chemistry (9) Science Concepts

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  1. Water the Universal Solvent Integrated Physics and Chemistry (9) Science Concepts. The student knows how solution chemistry is a part of everyday life. The student is expected to (A) relate the structure of water to its function [as the universal solvent];

  2. +d +d H H 0 -d -d H2O is a special molecule. Each of the two hydrogen atoms shares one electron with the oxygen atom. Because the oxygen has a greater tendency to gain electrons, the electrons tend to spend more time near the oxygen end of the molecule. This gives the oxygen a partial negative charge and the hydrogen end of the molecule a partial positive charge.

  3. Polar Covalent Bond Polar covalent bond Hydrogen Bonds Think of him as a Polar Bear or Sticky Mickey More Negative H H 0 More Positive Because of this, water has polar covalent bonds. It is a Polar Molecule. It likes to make weak bonds with other polar molecules called Hydrogen Bonds. Opposite ends of the molecules attract!

  4. The positive end of the water molecule attracts to the anion (negative ion) and the negative end of the water molecule attracts to the cation (positive ion). + - This is how water easily breaks apart ionic compounds. It surrounds both negative and positive ions and breaks apart ionic solids. The picture of the water attacking an ionic solid in 3d will be here as soon as I find it.

  5. 1. What is the question asking? 3. Remember the Structure of water!!! The oxygen end of the molecule has a partial negative charge! It will be attracted to the sodium. 5 The diagram on the right shows water molecules and ions from an NaCl crystal. What is the most likely reason that each water molecule is arranged so that the oxygen part of the molecule faces a sodium ion? A The oxygen in a water molecule contains a partial negative charge. B Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to face the more-massive sodium ions. C Hydrogen atoms create repulsive forces with chloride ions D Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with sodium ions. 2. Look at your diagram!!! The answers may be there. Sodium has a positive charge. If you don’t know the name of a chemical, use your periodic table!

  6. You have been given a water molecule. Let’s play… Solvent Simon Says • Simon Says: Hydrogen bond with two of your neighbors. • Simon Says: Point the correct end of your water molecule to this ion: • Simon Says: Point the correct end of your water molecule to this ion: • Simon Says: Point the correct end of your water molecule to this ion: SO4-2 • Simons Says: Point the correct end of your water molecule to this ion: Ca2+ • Point the correct end of your water molecule to this molecule: Na+1 Cl-1

  7. The - oxygen is attracted to the + sodium The + hydrogen is attracted to the - chlorine

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