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Females and Food: Types of relationships (Part 2)

Females and Food: Types of relationships (Part 2). Finish competitive categories Discuss primate model. Three dimensions used to describe primate relationships. Despotic versus egalitarian. Individual versus Nepotistic. Degree of Tolerance. Rank turnover and place in hierarchy?.

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Females and Food: Types of relationships (Part 2)

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  1. Females and Food: Types of relationships (Part 2) Finish competitive categories Discuss primate model

  2. Three dimensions used to describe primate relationships • Despotic versus egalitarian • Individual versus Nepotistic • Degree of Tolerance

  3. Rank turnover and place in hierarchy? • Howling monkey Females rise in rank, Then drop back a notch Why? • How meaningful is the difference between #15 and #16 in a group of 30?

  4. Toque macaque monkeys and vervets. When food scarce or droughts occur, rank plays a more important role in RS. In lemurs, it looks like degree of female dominance over males depends on food availability. May have something to do with…..FOOD!

  5. Individual versus Nepotistic (2) • Somewhat reflects whether group is dominant or egalitarian. • Nepotism= when female relatives assist each other (coalitions). rank and degree of assistance are intertwined. • Individual= Female rank is independent of relationship with others (age), kin relationships are less important.

  6. Nepotism- baboons, macaques. Can have nepotistic relationships without strong dominance hierarchy (patas monkeys, lemurs) Individual- can have individual relationships with hierarchy (howling) or without (gorillas). Examples

  7. Example:Females without kin • Gorillas, Howling monkeys, common chimpanzees, many lemurs • Female-female harrassment common • Higher rate of predation • Time migration around reproduction

  8. Degree of tolerance (3) • Picture it as a continuum. • As degree of tolerance between individuals increases, degree of agonism will decrease.

  9. Example... • Can have highly tolerant animals in a linear dominance hierarchy. (Stumptailed macaques)

  10. Models to predict female social patterns... Sterck et al model - Strier page 203 • Category 1- • Resident (philopatry), Despotic, Nepotistic, Intolerant Ringtailed lemur Squirrel monkey Macaque

  11. Category 2- resident, Despotic, Nepotistic, tolerant Some guenons Sulawasi macaque

  12. Category 3- Dispersal, Egalitarian, individual Brown lemurs (tolerance) Common chimp (less tolerance)

  13. Category 4- Resident, Egalitarian (nepotistic, tolerant) Some Cebus monkeys Patas monkey

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