International Polar Year 2007-2008 Status of preparation and the role of CIMO in IPY

1. International Polar Year 2007-2008Status of preparation and the role of CIMO in IPY Dr Eduard Sarukhanian, Special Adviser to Secretary–General on IPY

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR 2007-2008 IPY 2007-2008 should be an intensive and internationally coordinated campaign of high quality research activities and observations in the polar regions that would not otherwise be undertaken. IPY 2007-2008 is intended to lay the foundation for major scientific advances in knowledge and understanding of the nature and behaviour of the polar regions and their role in the functioning of the planet. Timeframe • 1st March 2007 to 1st March 2009 Geographicfocus • Earth’s high latitude regions • Studies of any region relevant to the understanding of polar processes or phenomena Participation - About 50,000 individuals from 63 countries

3. Themes for the IPY 2007-2008 Theme #1Current Status of the Polar Regions:To determine the present environmental status of the polar regions Theme #2 Change in the Polar Regions:To quantify, and understand, past and present natural environmental and social change in the polar regions; and to improve projections of future change Theme #3Globallinkages:To advance our understanding on all scales of the links and interactions between polar regions and the rest the globe, and of the processes controlling these Theme #4New frontiers: To investigate the frontiers of science in the polar regions Theme #5Polar Regions as Vantage Points: To use the unique vantage point of the polar regions to develop and enhance observatories from the interior of the Earth to the Sun and the cosmos beyond Theme #6Human dimensions: To investigate the cultural, historical, and social processes that shape the sustainability of circumpolar human societies, and to identify their unique contributions to global cultural diversity and citizenship

4. IPY Organisational Structure

5. Milestones of the IPY JC activities • ICSU and WMO have established IPY Joint Committee (JC) – November 2004; • ICSU and WMO have established IPY International Programme Office (IPO) at BAS, UK – Nov. 2004; • ICSU and WMO have issued call for Expressions of Intent (EOI)-Nov. 2004 • IPY IPO has sent out in March 2005 the JC guidance on clustering of 1200 EOI received and preparation of full proposals with final deadline 31January 2006 • JC evaluated of 452 full proposals and endorsed 172 IPY scientific projects proposals, 1 for DIS and 56 proposals on education and outreach – April 2006 • JC Sub-Committees on Observations, Data Policy and Management, Education, Outreach and Communications have been established and continue work with IPY projects

6. Funding for IPY projects • Canada –150 millions Canadian dollars, • UK - 40 millions pounds for activities in Antarctica and 5 millions for the Arctic, • Norway – 900 millions NK • Russia - 40 millions US dollars for 2007 (10 millions specifically for IPY) • France – 10-15 millions euros for 3 years • EU - 16 millions euros for DAMOCLES and 1.5 million euros for IAOOS • The Netherlands 10 millions euros • Spain 4 millions euros • Brazil – 4 millions US dollars • US NSF, European Science Foundation, China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, and other countries have requests for funding in process, final picture will be available by the end of year

7. IPY lunch event IPY international launch event will be on 1 March 2007 in Paris at presence of WMO Secretary-General, Executive Director of ICSU and IPY Joint Committee. This event will represent the single official opening of IPY. Many national or regional IPY start-up events, before and after the 1 March event, will represent opportunities to build up to the official international launch or to build from the official launch to the national programmes.

8. IPY Observational Initiatives • A synoptic set of multidisciplinary observations to establish the status of the polar environment in 2007-2008 • The acquisition of key data sets necessary to understand factors controlling change in the polar environment • The establishment of a legacy of multidisciplinary observational networks • The launch of internationally-coordinated, multidisciplinary investigations into new scientific frontiers • The implementation of polar observatories to study important facets of Planet Earth and beyond • The creation of datasets on the changing conditions of circumpolar human societies

9. What is necessary? In order to extend our knowledge on the variability of the processes in the Arctic and Antarctic environment and to develop more sophisticated techniques for weather forecasting and climate prediction to improve the hydro-meteorological services of socio-economic activity in Polar Regions it is necessaryto obtain long-term series of observational data on the state of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and other components of climate system as well as on the changing conditions of circumpolar human societies, using Global Observing Systems and IPY projects observing facilities

14. Some IPY project proposals related to Global Observing System • Global Inter-agency IPY Polar Snapshot Year (GIIPSY, ID 91) • International Arctic System for Observing of the Atmosphere (IASOA, ID 196) • Polar Weather Forecasting (THORPEX-IPY, ID 121) • COmprehensive Meteorological dataset of active IPY Antarctic measurement PhAse for Scientific and applied Studies (COMPASS, ID 267)

15. COMPASS aims COMPASS has the goal of creating a definitive, high quality data set of IPY Antarctic standard meteorological observations for use in climate research and applied studies. The primary source of COMPASS Project data will be the network of Antarctic staffed research stations and automatic weather stations (AWSs) being actively operating during IPY period observational period

16. COMPASS • Participants: • Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Germany, Finland, France, India, Italy, Japan, Germany, Korea, New Zeland, Poland, Russia, UK, Ukraina, Uruguay, USA • multinational initiative • interdisciplinary meteorological research • land based research • possibility to compare historical data • scientific connection between bases, inter-calibration of observational methods • Education: joint masters and graduated students programs • Outreach: Web page, presentation of cooperative program at all national institutions participating in COMPASS Project

17. AWS Projected to install Antarctic inland during IPY by CMA (Courtesy CMA)

18. Russian Antarctic surface network (Courtesy AARI) at present for IPY period 89592 AWS 89132 AWS 89657 AWS

19. Data Intercomparison results:atmospheric pressure (Courtesy AARI)

20. Some IPY project proposals related to Global Ocean Observing System • Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System (iAOOS, ID 14) • Climate of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean (CASO, ID 132) • Sea level and Tidal Science in Polar Oceans (ID 13)

21. Schematic of the vertical stack of observations from satellites to seabed that would be necessary to inform an iAOOS study focused on the present state and future fate of the Arctic perennial sea-ice (by R.Dixson).

22. Electromagnetic Induction Techniques for Measuring Antarctic Sea Ice Thickness EM31 and laser mounted on a boom which is approx. 10 m from the ship’s hull and 3 m above the ice. EM data are recorded every second. Laser data are recorded at 27 Hz. Pitch and roll data are recorded every second. Courtesy I.Allison

23. WMO Intercommission Task Group (ITG) on the International Polar Year 2007-2008 Established by EC-LVI to coordinate WMO activities on preparation and implementation of the IPY 2007 – 2008 in both Polar Regions. QIN Dahe (China) - Chairman, • PENDLEBURY S. (Australia) – representative of JCOMM, • FROLOV I. (Russian Federation) - representative of JCOMM, • HOV O. (Norway) - representative of CAS, • STERIN A. (Russian Federation) - representative of CCl • MCLEOD C. (Canada) - representative of CAeM, • VIISANEN Y. (Finland) - representative of CIMO, • GOODISON B. (Canada) - representative of WCRP, • HOFFMANN G. (Germany) - representatives of CBS, • SNORRASON A. (Iceland) – representative of CHy

24. Role ITG in IPY preparation ITG meeting (Geneva,4-6 April,2005) had identified the role of Technical Commissions in the process of preparation of IPY and developed recommendations on ways and means of coordination of the IPY preparation and implementation. • JCOMM-II (Halifax, Canada, September, 2005), • CCl-XIV (Beijing, China, November, 2005), • CAS-XIV(Cape Town, South Africa, February, 2006), • CBS –Ext 2006 (Seoul, Republic of Korea, November, 2006) • CAeM-XIII (Geneva, November, 2006) have reviewed the ITG recommendations and approved actions for IPY preparation.

25. Role of CIMO in IPY • Successful implementation of IPY requires strengthening of the technical and logistical infrastructure for operations and research during the preparation and implementation stages of the IPY, including calibration and standardization of observing instruments and equipment over the Arctic and the Antarctic. • Taking into account that IPY would serve as a basis for further development of the environmental monitoring in Polar Regions, it is necessary to ensure the instrument traceability providing quality data sets derived from standard and hardened instruments developed to operate in harsh climates. • In view of poor reliability of solid precipitation measurements in Polar Regions it is highly desirable to organize an intercomparison of solid precipitation measurements through a multi-agency approach.

26. IPY legacy The analysis of capabilities of existing global observing systems and the accounting for IPY project proposals that intend to develop new observing facilities in Polar Regions shows that global observing systems should be used as existing standard facilities with well-organized infrastructure to help to IPY implementation while the IPY projects should contribute to the extent possible to modernization and further development of key elements of the existing global observing systems. One of the main task of IPY Sub-Committee on Observations is to establish a dialog with WMO technical commissions, GEOSS, CGOS, GOOS, WCRP, Arctic Council, ATCM, ICARP-II to secure provision for the legacy of observing systems established during the IPY.

27. Establishment of a legacy of multi-disciplinary observational networks The development and installation of international, long-term, multi-disciplinary observing networks could be a particularly significant legacy of IPY 2007-2008. These observing systems would provide scientists and decision-makers with real time information on the evolving state of the Polar Regions for decades to come. “Observing networks established or improved during the IPY should be kept in operational mode for as many years as possible to provide data for the detection and projection of climate change” (Recommendation of WMO EC–LVI, June 2004). In view of the above a contribution of the CIMO to the activities related to a legacy of observational systems established during the IPY in Polar Regions would be essential.

28. Thank you!