Arati Manjeshwar, Dharma P. Agrawaly IPDPS ’ 02 Speaker : Chi-Chih Wu

1. APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks Arati Manjeshwar, Dharma P. Agrawaly IPDPS’02 Speaker : Chi-Chih Wu

2. Outline • Introduction • Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN • Performance Evaluation • Conclusions

3. Introduction • Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over wired ones • Ease of deployment • Fault-tolerance • Self-organization • Limitations of wireless media • Low bandwidth • Error prone transmissions • Collision free channel access requirements

4. Introduction Limited Energy Longevity of the network Below 40oF , north-east quadrant beyond 200oF , next 2 hours Which Area , Between 40oF-200oF , past 2 hours average , north-east quadrant , last 5 hours

5. Introduction • Queries • Historical queries • What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest quadrant • One-time query • What is the temperature in the northwest quadrant • Persistent • Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the next 2 hours

6. Introduction • Wireless sensor network’s protocol • Data centric • Capable of effective data aggregation • Distribute energy dissipation evenly • Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the longevity of the network • Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)

7. communication SN SN Sensing BS BS SN SN Sensing sudden changes SN SN SN SN Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Hybrid Networks • Proactive Networks • The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and transmitters (LEACH) • Reactive Networks • The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined threshold value (TEEN) • Hybrid Network • APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol)

8. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model Adequate PowerTransmit directly to the sensor node • Hierarchical Clustering HomogeneousLimited Energy

9. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model • Hierarchical Clustering larger distance reduce routing complexity LEACH-C Decide CH (5%) Evenly distribute Optimally form cluster aggregation most adjacent transmit only to CH

10. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol • CH first broadcasts the following parameters • Attributes (A) • Thresholds • Hard threshold (HT) • Soft threshold (ST) • Schedule • TDMA • Count Time • Proactive component 1.Cluster change time 2.TDMA schedule and parameters TC … Cluster formation Frame time (TDMA) Frame time (TDMA)

11. BS CH CH Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol • Modified TDMA Schedule • CDMA • Inter-cluster collision • Common CDMA code • CH -> BS • BS -> N Frame Time

12. Performance Evaluation • Simulation Environment • NS-2 simulator • 100 nodes • Area of 100 * 100 units • Fixed base station • The nodes are place randomly • 0 – 200 oF • Initial energy is 2J • Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy) • Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy) • Poisson arrival process of the arrival queries

13. Performance Evaluation

14. Performance Evaluation

15. Performance Evaluation

16. Conclusions • The hybrid protocol APTEEN • It combines the best features of both proactive and reactive networks • Provides periodic data collection as well as near real-time warnings about critical events

17. THANK YOU