1 / 60

China

China. “Eastward goes the great river, it waves have swept away a thousand years of gallant men.”. China. Draw a picture or write down words or phases that express your ideas about China. Prehistoric Society: Yangshao. 5000-3000 BCE Ban Po Village Painted pottery Bronze tools.

sol
Download Presentation

China

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. China “Eastward goes the great river, it waves have swept away a thousand years of gallant men.”

  2. China • Draw a picture or write down words or phases that express your ideas about China.

  3. Prehistoric Society: Yangshao • 5000-3000 BCE • Ban Po Village • Painted pottery • Bronze tools

  4. The Earliest Dynasties • Xia • C. 2200 BCE • Shang • 1766-1122 BCE • Zhou • 1122-256 BCE

  5. Neolithic village at Ban Po

  6. The Shang Dynasty • Yellow River • near the frontier • traditional date: 1500 B.C. • invaders • eventually absorbed

  7. Shang Dynasty • Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles • Large armies • Political organization: network of fortified cities, loyal to center • 1000 cities • Capital moved six times • Impressive architecture • Other regional kingdoms coexist:

  8. Characteristics • silk • no animal milk or milk products • ancestor worship • central place of the family

  9. Operative unit of Society • the family • not the individual • not the state • not the religion

  10. Other features • ornate architecture • chopsticks • ideographic script • still readable by modern Chinese

  11. Oracle bone with early ideographic script

  12. An example of Shang bronze (religious objects) cast using a “lost wax” process

  13. More bronze ware, with early ideograms

  14. A bronze temple bell -many will strike two distinct and separate notes, depending on which part of the bell is struck

  15. The Zhou Dynasty(JOH) • China would become large and powerful • Leave a heritage that would last thousands of years • Heritage is a set of ideas that has been passed down from one generation to another

  16. The Zhou Dynasty • The Zhou dynasty worshipped a god called Tian (TYEN) or “Heaven” • Lived in the Wei River Valley as herders • Learned to farm and settled in villages

  17. Zhou Dynasty • Began to move east, and came into contact with the Shang people • 1050 B.C. , the Zhou Dynasty attacked the Shang Dynasty • In 1050 B.C. the Zhou ruler, King Wu, claimed victory over the Shang Dynasty • Zhou Dynasty believed the heavens ordered the attack on Shang

  18. Zhou Dynasty • Virtues: good qualities, needed to lead the people • Book of Documents: an early Chinese text, calls Heaven’s order to claim rule over China the Mandate of Heaven

  19. Division of Classes

  20. Division of Classes • King was at the top of Zhou Society • Everyone owned loyalty to the king • King gave land to nobles in return for military service • Kings used nobles armies for protection

  21. Division of Classes • Nobles received land in return for military service • Nobles ruled their land as separate states, governing in whatever way they wanted • King would use Nobles armies for protection

  22. Division of Classes • Peasants lived on the land owned by the nobles and farmed it • For the right to farm a noble’s land, the peasant had to serve in the noble’s army • Life filled with hardships • Peasants farmers supplied king with an endless number of workers

  23. Zhou Dynasty • Under the Zhou kings China’s civilization grew • By 700 B.C. more people lived in china than anywhere else in the world

  24. The Decline of the Zhou Dynasty • Kings would be strong rulers, however eventually weakened • People to north and west of the Zhou kingdom invaded the valley of the Wei River

  25. Warring Kingdom Period • Invaders would capture the Wei River Valley, Zhou had to move their capital • Power would weaken and nobles increased • The collapse of Zhou would bring China into a time of warfare

  26. The Period of Warring States • 771 B.C. • dozen-plus states • balance of power until 500’s • period of consolidation by warfare • warfare chronic

  27. The Period of the Warring States, ca. 500 B.C.

  28. The Ideas of Confucius • One of China’s most important thinkers, Confucius • Lived during the Warring Kingdoms Period • Confucius is often called China’s first philosopher • Philosopher: is a person who studies the meaning of life

  29. The Ideas of Confucius • He spent much of his time thinking about ways to improve society and restore order in China • China’s first teacher • Used short sayings to teach his ideas

  30. Confucius (ca. 551-479 B.C.) • poor family • well-educated in the “classics” • ambitious (wanted to be a bureaucrat...) • couldn’t get honest work...so he became a teacher

  31. Kung Fu-Tse Tomb of Master Kung

  32. Confucius, con’t • wrote nothing--his followers wrote about him • difficult to separate myth from fact • the Analects • his “sayings”

  33. Important Confucian concepts • Ren – innate goodness in human beings • Li – normal standard of conduct • the TAO –what is appropriate • no speculation on metaphysics

  34. Confucian Ideas • Ethics and politics • Avoided religion, metaphysics • Junzi: “superior individuals” • Role in government service • Emphasis on Zhou Dynasty texts • later formed core texts of Chinese education

  35. Confucius, con’t • a failure? • ideas spread by students • adopted by the Han dynasty

  36. Taoism • Mo Tzu: ca. 470-391 B.C. • Lao Tzu: 4th or 3rd century • taught about theTao

  37. Taoism • supplied the metaphysical • multiple lines of thought • very fluid

  38. Taoism • Critics of Confucianism • Passivism, rejection of active attempts to change the course of events • Founder: Laozi, 6th c. BCE • The Tao te Ching (Classic of Way and of Virtue) • Zhuangzi (named for author, 369-236 BCE)

  39. The Zhou (Chou) and Qin • rise of the Qin • new technology • gave land to peasants • new military draft • new bureaucracy

  40. The Qin and the Legalist tradition • ideology of rule • absolute power of the ruler • people existed to serve the state • destroy Confucian philosophy?

  41. The First Emperor • Qin Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 BCE) founds new dynasty as “First Emperor” • Dynasty ends in 207, but sets dramatic precedent • Basis of rule: centralized bureacracy • Massive public works begun • Incl. precursor to Great Wall

  42. Shi Huangdi • united China in 221 B.C. • ruled by the Legalist theory • massive conscription for labor

  43. China under the Qin dynasty, 221-207 B.C.E.

  44. Resistance to Qin Policies • Emperor orders execution of all critics • Orders burning of all ideological works • Some 460 scholars buried alive • Others exiled • Massive cultural losses

  45. Tomb of Shi Huangdi

  46. The Great Canal

  47. Rise of the Han • rebellion of peasants • Lui Bang • a successful failure

More Related