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H 2 – Mobility of the future Based on material provided by courtesy of BMW Group AG

H 2 – Mobility of the future Based on material provided by courtesy of BMW Group AG. 2. Mobility – The engine of progress. Mobility – The engine of progress. mobility = an important economic factor reliable infrastructure as a business advantage

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H 2 – Mobility of the future Based on material provided by courtesy of BMW Group AG

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  1. H2 – Mobility of the futureBased on material provided by courtesy of BMW Group AG 2 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  2. Mobility – The engine of progress 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  3. Mobility – The engine of progress mobility = an important economic factor • reliable infrastructure as a business advantage • mobility is an indicator of wealth and an important factor of globalisation • Challenge: To arrive to sustainable mobility 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  4. Mobility – The engine of progress Disadvantages of mobility • depletion of the world’s crude oil and natural gas reserves • increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere • increase in traffic volume and traffic congestion • health risks for human, animal and plant life through harmful emissions (e.g. sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  5. Mobility – The engine of progress Possible solutions • energy conservation • use of renewable energy (solar energy, hydroelectric power, wind power, biomass) • implementation of hydrogen as an energy source 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  6. Fossil energy sources are finite Reserves are running out • Growth of the world’s population causes energy demand to increase • Lifespan of individual energy sources in years: Source: German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  7. Fossil energy sources are finite 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  8. On the move with hydrogen The discovery of hydrogen: • hydrogen = ύδωρ-hydor (water) + γεννώ-gennο (generate) • hydrogen pioneers: Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Henry Cavendish, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier • Two thirds of the Earth’s atmosphere is made up of H2 • On Earth H2: water (H 66%-O 33%), organic compound (H 48%-O 28%) 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  9. H2 as the energy source of tomorrow A storage medium for heat and electricity: • hydrogen = ideal energy source to bridge the time and distance gaps between supply and demand: energy source  as a component of water, a resource available in large quantities  environmentally compatible as part of the biological life cycle  its oxidation creates pure water  easily transported and stored in compressed gas form or as a supercooled liquid  releases chemically stored energy in the form of heat, or in the form of electricity and heat in fuel cells  high energy content = suitable as fuel for cars energy content fuel for cars 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  10. H2 as the energy source of tomorrow 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  11. H2 as the energy source of tomorrow 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  12. On the way to our energy source of the future 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  13. On the way to our energy source of the future • Advantages of Sustainable Energy:  fossil fuel resources no longer burnt  cyclical system: hydrogen as well as the energy required to generate it are derived from renewable sources  combustion of hydrogen emits no greenhouse gases  local power supply in the home and cars 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  14. On the way to our energy source of the future The next steps • development of a wide-ranging H2 infrastructure • today: extraction of hydrogen from fossil-fuel resources (above all natural gas) – cost-effective but not ecological • aim: hydrogen production using renewable energy sources – production processes more expensive, but without CO2 emissions hydrogen production using renewable energy sources • reduction in costs through series production making the hydrogen economy financially competitive 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  15. On the way to our energy source of the future Cost Of H2 • Depends on the primary source of energy used: • Renewable energy sources: Solar power produced H2 today has a cost of 21 € / KWh • Natural gas (CH4) as a starting point has significant cost advantages (cost of 7 € / KWh) • Possible Solution • During the transition phase: Use of “intelligent mix” of fossil and renewable fuel. 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  16. On the way to our energy source of the future Emissions versus cost of fossil fuels and renewable energy 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  17. Hydrogen in the car • goal: travel as far as cars with petrol engines • thermally insulated tank carrying liquid hydrogen fuelling Ecological fuelling and travelling Properties of the tank • Cryogenic tank variant Cryogenic tank variant  loss-free storage for approx. 12 days thermal insulation through double-shell vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks with super-insulation  pressure up to max. five bar: -253 to -245° C • Safety guarantee  through crash tests crash tests  different safety-relevant behaviour to petrol 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  18. Hydrogen in the car 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  19. The case of the electric car:How do you store electricity? The problem of storing electricity: • electrical energy can only be used when stored in an intermediate storage medium (e.g. as chemical energy in a battery) • expensive and inefficient additional stage The advantages of electrically powered cars: • quiet • over 90 % efficiency • low emissions 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  20. The case of the electric car:How do you store electricity? The solution: electric cars powered by fuel cells Batteries are not the alternative • cannot achieve the same energy density as petrol and diesel • not endlessly rechargeable • too expensive • too heavy and large • operating range limited to 100-150 kilometres • electricity generated from chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen • recharging not necessary due to onboard tank fuel cells 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  21. The fuel cell – electricity from hydrogen 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  22. The fuel cell – electricity from hydrogen Advantages of fuel cells • eco-friendly and efficient • operation with pure hydrogen: low emissions • conversion of chemical energy directly into electrical energy (conversion of more than 1/2 of the energy input into electricity) • much higher efficiency than conventional power plants (no detour via turbine and generator which results to 2/3 of energy loss ) • Reaction between H2 and O2 without flame: "Cold Combustion" operation with pure hydrogen 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  23. Fuel cells in use • The Fuel for Fuel Cells • Fuel Cells can run on • On pure H2 • On a number of H compounds: • Natural gas (CH4) CH4+H2O  CO+3H2 CO+O2 CO2 • Methanol • Biomass • Petrol 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  24. Fuel cells in use 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  25. A new way of thinking – starting today 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  26. A new way of thinking – starting today Hydrogen represents the mobility of the future • the CleanEnergy approach adopted by the BMW Group: to build hydrogen-powered cars with internal combustion engines BMW Group hydrogen-powered cars with internal combustion engines • alternative concepts proposed by DaimlerChrysler and Opel: electric cars powered by fuel cells DaimlerChrysler • hydrogen extracted from renewable energy sources is in some respects cheaper in view of the ecological “cost” of burning fossil fuels hydrogen extracted from renewable energy sources • important: public information about the advantages of the hydrogen economy 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  27. A new way of thinking – starting today 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  28. A new way of thinking – starting today 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  29. A new way of thinking - starting today 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

  30. H2 – Mobility of the future 1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003

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