Patronage Or the Spoils System!

1. 530-536 - Analyze a primary source document. - Describe the problems facing government and the solutions attempted during the late 19th Century.

2. Patronage Or the Spoils System! 530-536 - Analyze a primary source document. - Describe the problems facing government and the solutions attempted during the late 19th Century. Giving jobs in return for political support or favors

4. Sample Civil Service Exam Question Test yourself with grammar and vocabulary questions similar to the questions you‘d find on an early civil service test. Add apostrophes where they're needed in the following: 1. Tennessee Williams play 2. Two cents worth 3. Three days wait 4. Its a shame. 5. A pennys worth 6. Whose car is it? 7. The change was OKd. 8. Dos and donts 9. Others dreams 10. The company and its employees • Answers: • Williams' or Williams's • cents‘ • days‘ • It's • penny's • Whose (no apostrophe needed) • OK'd • do's and don'ts • others' • its (no apostrophe needed)

5. The Limits of Government: • Size of Federal Government • receded after Reconstruction. • Resurgence of localism and • “laissez-faire” politics. • Weak presidency • Andrew Johnson • Ulysses Grant • Presidents Hayes, • Garfield, Arthur, • Cleveland & Harrison • took few initiatives.

6. The Limits of Government: 4. The Inefficient Congress: 1871–1901 • Corruption and waste • was very common. • Procedural rules • such as requiring a • quorum to vote • slowed the business • of Congress.

7. The Limits of Government: • Federal Bureaucracy and the “Spoils System” – (patronage). - Awarding jobs based on political support or favors. • Inconsistent State Government - State gov’t. was laissez- faire, it did little. The exception was Minnesota & Massachusetts (tired some regulatory efforts in bus- iness).

8. Issues Facing U.S. Government: • Civil Service Reform (Mugwumps) • President Hayes favored reform, • fired Chester Arthur who held a • patronage job, but later ran as • V.P. with Pres. Garfield in 1880. • In 1881 Charles Guiteau assassin- • ated Garfield resulting in • Arthur becoming president. • President Arthur shocked every- • one by signing the Pendleton • Civil Service Act in 1883. A Stalwart was an anti-civil service reform Republican! Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart and Arthur is President now!

9. Issues Facing U.S. Government: • The Tariff (tax on imports) - Republican candidate James Blaine (1884) favored high tariffs, Democrat Grover Cleveland tried to reduce tariffs. - When Republican President Harrison defeated Cleveland in 1888, he signed the McKinley Tariff Act (1890) which raised tariffs to their highest level in history. • The Beginnings of Federal Regulation in Business - Interstate Commerce Act and the Wabash Case 1887 - Sherman Anti-trust Act – 1890 • The Money Question • - sound money policy – back the dollar only by gold, causing • “deflation”. (bankers, business leaders favored this) • - inflationary money policy - back the dollar with • gold AND silver, causing “inflation”. (farmers favored this)

10. Inflation vs. Deflation

11. Issues Facing U.S. Government: • The Money Question • - sound money policy – back the dollar only by gold, causing • “deflation”. (bankers, business) • - inflationary money policy - back the dollar with • gold AND silver, causing “inflation”. (farmers) • - legislation passed causing the government to buy silver – Bland-Allison Act • - Sherman Silver Purchase Act