Circulatory System or Cardiovascular System

1. Heart Blood vessels Circulatory Systemor Cardiovascular System arteries veins

2. Functions • Oxygen, nutrients, hormones • Carbon dioxide & waste • Lungs receive carbon dioxide (exhale) • Cell waste carried to kidneys for removal from body To Cells From Cells

3. Cardiac Muscle Heart • Never rests • Sends blood to • Lungs • Rest of body • Contains myocardium • Special type of muscle

4. 4 Heart Chambers 4 Chambers • Septum divides into left/right halves • 2 chambers in each ½ • Upper chamber: atrium • Lower chamber: ventricle • 1 way valves • Blood flows in 1 direction • How does it beat? • Impulses from brain send an electrical impulse HeartValve

5. 1 3 4 2 Circulation in the Heart 1. Blood with carbon dioxide and waste is carried to heart See page 390 2. Pumped into lungs 3. Blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide 4. Oxygenated blood is passed back to the heart 5. Pumped to the body’s tissues through aorta

6. Blood • Delivers • Oxygen, nutrients & hormones • Carries away • Wastes and carbon dioxide • Helps to defend against infection

7. 4 Parts of Blood RBC 1.Plasma (55% of blood) -Liquid containing nutrients, waste, salts, and proteins 2.Red blood cells (40%) • Carry oxygen to tissues • Hemoglobin molecule: oxygen carrying part of blood • Rich in iron • Pigment that makes blood red Platelets WBC

8. 3.White blood cells • Some kill (surround, invade and ingest) pathogens • Some form antibodies for immunity to a 2nd attack 4.Platelets • Prevent the body’s loss of blood: forming blood clots • Scab is evidence of a clot

9. 3 Types of Blood Vessels Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from heart Veinscarry deoxygenated blood back to heart Capillaries“end of the road” connect arteries and veins

10. How a scab forms: • A wound or cut in the skin leaks blood from the damaged blood vessels. • Chemicals released from damaged cells and platelets make dissolved substances in the blood turn into a meshwork of microfibres, of the substance fibrin. This network traps blood cells. • Gradually the meshwork hardens into a clump or clot that seals the leak. The clot then hardens and dries further into a protective scab. • White cells arrive to attack any germs, and the skin begins to regrow and heal.

11. Care • Don’t smoke • Nicotine increases blood pressure & heart rate by narrowing arteries • Maintain appropriate weight • Exercise (aerobic exercise) • At least 20 continuous min 3 x’s a week • Strengthens heart, improves circulation Most problems are within your control!

12. 120 80 Blood Pressure • The force of blood on arteries • Systolic-blood surges through arteries • 110-120 • Diastolic-ventricles relax & refill with blood • 70-90

13. Blood Pressure Classification

14. Problems • Congenital Heart Disease • Congenital: occurring at birth • Examples • Hole between 2 chambers • Valves not functioning properly • Blockage of blood flow • Treatment: surgery • Heart Murmur • Abnormal sound • Major cause: defective valve • Sound: http://www.openheartsurgery.com/heart_sounds.html Use the WAV File

15. A Molecule to Breath With Iron Atom Problems 3. Anemia • Hemoglobin molecule is below normal levels • Body cells don’t receive oxygen • Common cause: iron deficiency • Eat leafy green veggies, dried fruits, supplements

16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin#Structure

17. Problems 4. Heart Attack • Blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped • Normally due to a buildup of plaque within the coronary arteries • Treatments • Bypass surgery

18. 3. 1. 2. 1. To widen narrowed coronary arteries, a football-shaped burr that rotates up to 200,000 times a minute may be used to cut away plaque from artery walls. 3. A stent is typically used to prevent re-narrowing after an artery is widened. 2. Balloon angioplasty flattens plaques and stretches the artery wall.

19. Problems 5. Leukemia • Cancer of the blood • Abnormal production of WBC in bone marrow • Cells spill into blood, enter other organs & interfere with functioning • Prevent marrow from producing RBC, platelets & normal WBC • Treatments • Bone marrow transplants • Process slowed with: • Chemotherapy (chemicals) • Radiation

20. Objectives Functions • What does blood carry to body cells? • What does blood remove from body cells? Structure • What are the 3 main blood vessels? • Which contains oxygen? • Which does not contain oxygen? • Which are the smallest? • Name the upper and lower chambers of the heart. • Name the oxygen-carrying part of the blood. Cell: ________________ Molecule: ______________ • Name the 4 main parts of the blood? • What is the largest % of the blood? • What do WBC do? • What do RBC do? • What do platelets do?

21. Objectives Care • What does nicotine do to your blood pressure? • What does nicotine do to your arteries? • What is the recommended amount of exercise? • _________ continuous minutes, ________ x’s a week. 4. What is a normal blood pressure reading? Problems • What does congenital mean? • Give one example of congenital heart disease. • What is the major cause of a heart murmur? • Anemia is lack of what molecule? • What is the most common cause of anemia? • What foods contain iron? • What is the name for cancer of the blood? • Name 1 treatment method.