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The Philosophers That Shaped America

The Philosophers That Shaped America. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Thomas Paine. Voltaire. John Locke. Montesquieu. Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes. 5. 1588-1679 Based governmental philosophy on Natural Law and Social Contract. Natural Laws are devised by reason Protect citizens

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The Philosophers That Shaped America

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  1. The Philosophers That Shaped America Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Paine Voltaire John Locke Montesquieu Thomas Hobbes

  2. Thomas Hobbes 5 • 1588-1679 • Based governmental philosophy on Natural Law and Social Contract • Natural Laws are devised by reason • Protect citizens • Social Contract has threelaws • Peace should always be sought • People forfeit rights in order to maintain peace • The first two laws must be upheld • Believed that only three institutions could maintain contract • Democracy • Monarchy • Aristocracy

  3. Thomas Paine 1 • 1736-1809 • Based governmental philosophy on Separation of Powers and Equality Under the Law • Philosophy of mixed government and deference led to creation of three-branch government with checks and balances • Executive • Judicial • Legislative • Proponent of protection by law for all citizens • People are created equal and equally free • Government is established to protect rights of people

  4. Voltaire 2 • 1694-1778 • Based governmental philosophy on the principle of Religious Tolerance • Believed that the most gruesome of acts committed by mankind are those carried out with religious convictions • If religions are tolerated, religious acts of violence may be less likely

  5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3 • 1712-1788 • Based governmental philosophy on Social Contract and the concept of Liberty • “Man is born free but everywhere in chains.” • Government has the responsibility to protect citizens • Citizens have the right (or obligation) to forfeit rights in order to have protection from government • Liberty isthe idea that people are granted freedom by birthright

  6. John Locke 4 • 1632-1704 • Based governmental philosophy on Moral Law and Representative Democracy • Believed that Natural Laws did not exist • Man was bound by Moral Laws to God • Moral Laws are always valid, though not always kept • Society must create laws to limit and punish citizens • Delegates selected by people in order to create laws • Social Contract • Citizens forfeit rights to maintain order by delegates

  7. Montesquieu 6 • 1689-1755 • Based governmental philosophy on Separation of Powers and Strong Judiciary System • Championed the British Government • Separation of Parliament from Crown • Desired pure democracy with no monarch unless the monarch was chosen by the citizens • Judiciary system must maintain purity of democracy by removing corrupt officials

  8. References 1 - http://www.usconstitution.net/philosophers.html#paine 2 - http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/PHIL.HTM 3 - http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/ROUSSEAU.HTM 4 - http://www.usconstitution.net/philosophers.html#locke 5 - http://www.usconstitution.net/philosophers.html#hobbes 6 - http://www.usconstitution.net/philosophers.html#mont

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