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THEORIES OF MENTAL ILLNESS

THEORIES OF MENTAL ILLNESS. TYPES OF THEORIES. BIOLOGICAL – UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES COMMON TO EVERYONE PSYCHOLOGICAL – PART OF INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY SOCIAL – EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE. THREE THEORIES. CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS CAUSE OF MENTAL ILLNESS TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS

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THEORIES OF MENTAL ILLNESS

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  1. THEORIES OF MENTAL ILLNESS

  2. TYPES OF THEORIES • BIOLOGICAL – UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES COMMON TO EVERYONE • PSYCHOLOGICAL – PART OF INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY • SOCIAL – EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE

  3. THREE THEORIES • CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS • CAUSE OF MENTAL ILLNESS • TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS • STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

  4. CONCEPT • PSYCHOLOGICAL - M.I. PART OF INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY • BIOLOGICAL - M.I. IS DISCRETE GROUP OF SYMPTOMS THAT INDICATE DISEASE • SOCIOLOGICAL - DISTRESS AS RESPONSE OF NORMAL PEOPLE

  5. CAUSES • PSYCHOLOGICAL - INTRA-INDIVIDUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL • BIOLOGICAL - GENETIC AND NEUROCHEMICAL • SOCIOLOGICAL - EXTERNAL STRESSORS, RELATIONSHIPS, ROLES

  6. TREATMENTS • PSYCHOLOGICAL - CHANGE PERSONALITY • BIOLOGICAL - CHANGE BRAIN • SOCIOLOGICAL - CHANGE CIRCUMSTANCES

  7. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

  8. MANY TYPES • PETERSON CHAPTER • PSYCHODYNAMIC - PSYCHOANALYTIC FOCUS HERE

  9. HISTORY • AROSE AT BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY • DOMINANT FOR MOST OF CENTURY • STILL INFLUENTIAL BUT NOW BIOLOGICAL THEORY DOMINANT IN PSYCHIATRY • COGNITIVE THEORY PROBABLY DOMINANT IN PSYCHOLOGY

  10. BEFORE FREUD MENTAL ILLNESS = INSANITY BIOLOGICAL CAUSES HOSPITAL TREATMENT AFTER FREUD MENTAL ILLNESS BROAD PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OUTPATIENT TREATMENT SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

  11. CONCEPT

  12. DYNAMIC CONCEPT • MENTAL ILLNESS CONTINUOUS WITH NORMALITY • SAME MECHANISMS UNDERLIE BOTH • SYMPTOMS AS ASPECT OF TOTAL BIOGRAPHY

  13. DIAGNOSES UNIMPORTANT • DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS HAVE SAME UNDERLYING DYNAMIC

  14. PERSON 1 PERSON 2 DEP ALC ABUSE

  15. SAME SYMPTOMS HAVE DIFFERENT DYNAMIC

  16. FRIGID CLOSE DISTANT PERSON 1 PERSON 2

  17. CONCLUDE • SYMPTOMS IN THEMSELVES ARE NOT FOCUS • PARTICULAR DIAGNOSES NOT IMPORTANT • MUST INTENSIVELY ANALYZE EACH INDIVIDUAL TO UNDERSTAND AND TREAT SYMPTOMS

  18. CAUSES

  19. CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS • ALL BEHAVIORS MOTIVATED • MOTIVATIONS ARE UNCONSCIOUS • UNCONSCIOUS ROOTED IN EARLY CHILDHOOD • TRAUMAS (REAL OR PERCEIVED) ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT

  20. CAUSES (CONT.) • SYMPTOMS REPRESENT REGRESSIONS TO EARLIER STAGES - ORAL, ANAL, PHALLIC • SEXUAL REPRESSIONS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT • OEDIPUS COMPLEX - COMBINATION OF SEXUALITY AND AGGRESSION

  21. INTRA-PSYCHIC CONFLICT • ID – INSTINCTS ESPECIALLY AGGRESSION AND SEXUALITY • SUPEREGO – MORALITY • EGO – ATTEMPTS TO MEDIATE BETWEEN ID AND SUPEREGO

  22. DEFENSE MECHANISMS • UNCONSCIOUS - PROTECT VS. ANXIETY • REPRESSION - MOST GENERAL • PROJECTION - INTERNAL TO EXTERNAL • INTROJECTION - EXTERNAL TO INTERNAL • DISPLACEMENT - ONE EXTERNAL TO ANOTHER

  23. SUMMARY • SYMPTOMS CLUES TO INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY • NOT SO DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL • CAUSES LEAD BACK TO EARLIEST PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT • HOW TREAT?

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