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GE’s ESBWR

GE’s ESBWR. by T. G. Theofanous. ESBWR SA Containment Highlights. UDW. EVE. LDW. BiMAC. +PCCS no LT failure. Not to scale. ESBWR SA Complexion. SA Threats and Failure Modes. Direct Containment Heating (DCH) Energetic Failure of UDW, Liner (thermal) Failure Ex-Vessel Explosions (EVE)

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GE’s ESBWR

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  1. GE’s ESBWR by T. G. Theofanous

  2. ESBWR SA Containment Highlights UDW EVE LDW BiMAC +PCCS no LT failure Not to scale

  3. ESBWR SA Complexion

  4. SA Threats and Failure Modes • Direct Containment Heating (DCH) Energetic Failure of UDW, Liner (thermal) Failure • Ex-Vessel Explosions (EVE) Pedestal/Liner Failure, BiMAC-Pipes Crushing • Basemat Melt Penetration (BMP) BiMAC Thermal Failure (Burnout, Dryout, Melt Impingement)

  5. Direct Containment Heating (DCH)

  6. DCH: Key features of the geometry Highly non-uniform gas flow Representative but not to scale

  7. DCH in suppression pool containments:model verification basis IET CLCH Model 1:1 Scale PSTF Vent Clearing Model and 1:40 scale

  8. Validation Basis: IET DCH Tests… GE PSTF Vent Clearing CLCH model. Complete transient

  9. Actual blowdowns used as inputs for comparison PSTF IET

  10. Comparison to PSTF data

  11. Comparison to IET-1RR and -8 data

  12. Comparison to IET-1 data

  13. Quantification of Loads Regime I HYPOTHETICAL Regime II Creep Rupture, Bounding

  14. Regime III Case F More Dynamics Case G

  15. More sensitivities run on condensation and gas-cooling efficiency, oxidation efficiency, composition of DW atmosphere, etc…

  16. Upper Bound Load Fragility Minimum (bounding) Margins to Energetic DCH Failure

  17. Ex-Vessel Explosions (EVE)Pedestal/Liner Failure, BiMAC-Pipes Crushing

  18. Sample SE calculations • ~ 1 ton/s melt release • 1, 2, 5 m deep pools • Saturated and subcooled water • ~100 kPa s on the floor • 40-150 kPa s on the side walls

  19. Pedestal model in DYNA3D Verified extensively in High Explosive work

  20. Pedestal damage in DYNA 3D 600 kPa s loading

  21. Upper Bound Load Pedestal Failure Margins to EVE1 to 2 m Subcooled Pools Lower Bound Fragility Significant upwards revision of previously used failure criteria on pedestal walls

  22. BiMAC Structural Configuration Ie Schedule 80 pipes

  23. DYNA3D model of BiMAC

  24. BiMAC damage in DYNA3D 200 kPa s loading

  25. BiMAC Failure Margins Due to EVE1-2 m subcooled pools Upper Bound Load Subcooled 1-2 m Upper Bound Load Saturated Low Level

  26. Lower Drywell

  27. BiMAC Detail

  28. BiMAC Flow Path

  29. Natural convection patterns

  30. The Peaking at the Edge of Near-Edge Channels is the most Limiting

  31. Summary of Power Split and Peaking Factor Results from the Direct Numerical Simulations (all fluxes in kW/m2 ) The 3D results were confirmed with further calculations that included refined meshes, and a 10-fold increase in viscosity due to addition of the sacrificial concrete.

  32. Sample calculations of turbulent natural convection

  33. Local peaking mechanism

  34. Bounding estimates of thermal loads Central Channels: Near-Edge Channels:

  35. The ULPU facility

  36. Coolability Limits for BiMACApplicability based on similarity of geometries and flow/heating regimes

  37. Thermal Loads against Coolability Limits in BiMAC Channels

  38. Thermal Margins for BiMACLocal Burnout

  39. Natural convection boiling in inclined channels: the SULTAN facility • Vertical and 10 degrees inclination • Characteristic length: 3 and 15 cm • Channel length: 4 m • Pressure: 0.5 MPa • Power levels 100 to 500 kw/m2 • Detailed pressure drop data • Top-heated plate, 15 cm wide

  40. Boiling in inclined channels:Sample comparisons for inclination

  41. Natural convection in BiMAC: stable, self-adjusting flow

  42. Thermal Margins for BiMACno-Dryout due to water depletion or flow starvation

  43. Conclusion (3): Summary of containment threats and mitigative mechanisms or systems in place for responding to them

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