Long Fruitful collaboration between DESY and Japanese institutes On High energy physics

1. Long Fruitful collaboration between DESY and Japanese institutes On High energy physics Initiated by professor Masatoshi Koshiba since 1973 ZEUS at HERA 1992- DASP at DORIS 1973- LHC 2009- JADE at PETRA 1976- Katsuo Tokushuku KEK

2. The ATLASDetector Dimensions ：~25x25x46m Weight：7000 ton ⇒ density 0.31g/cm3

3. ATLAS Detector: construction and commissioning • Superconducting Central Solenoid (Japanese contribution:100%) • Time-to-digital conversion chips for muon drift tubes (100%) • End-cap muon triggering system (TGC) (~50%) • Silicon microstrip tracking system (SCT) (~20%) • and Trigger (Muon/Tau HLT, Muon menu) ! <- collaboration with DESY • Tracking (||<2.5, B(solenoid)=2T): • -- Si pixels and strips • -- Transition Radiation Detector (e/ separation) • Calorimetry (||<5): • -- EM : Pb-LAr • -- HAD: Fe/scintillator (central), Cu/W-LAr (fwd) • Muon Spectrometer (||<2.7) : • air-core toroids with muon chambers Length : ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons ~ 108 electronic channels ~ 3000 km of cables

4. ATLAS-KEK (active) members • K. Tokushuku (Leader, HLT) • TGC H. Iwasaki, (M. Ishino left to Kyoto) • TGC LVL-1 (+ upgrade) Trigger O. Sasaki + 1 student • SCT (+upgrade) • Y. Unno, S. Terada, Y. Ikegami, Y. Takubo (IBL) + 1 student • (J. Tojo left to Kyushu) • HLT K. Nagano(muon), S. Tsuno(tau) • Physics • S. Tsuno ( Tau ) • K. Nagano ( W+c , etc.) + 3 students • J. Kanzaki (Top) + 1 student • Generators • J. Kanzaki (Madgraph on GPU), S. Odaka (gamma gamma; GRACE) permanent staff only (+ few students) No post-docs! -> Close collaboration with JP universities

5. Trigger related issues

6. KEK-ATLAS activities on Muon Trigger and High Level Trigger (HLT) (K.Nagano) • ATLAS Trigger System consists of three levels: -- Level-1: Synchronized, hardware-based (custom-made electronics) -- Level-2 and Event Filter (before and after event-building), called Higher Level Trigger (HLT) altogether. Software-based, making use of commodity products e.g. PCs • KEK-ATLAS has been working on the muon trigger, in particular HLT muon trigger since year 2006, in the following topics: -- Coordination of ATLAS Muon Trigger Group * K.Nagano: 2010.3〜2012.2 Deputy convener 2012.3〜 Convener -- ATLAS Muon Trigger “Menus” * Logic and strategy formulation * Development and maintenance of the logic software -- Level-2 muon-standalone trigger algorithm * Development, commissioning and performance evaluation with the LHC real collision data * Redesigning and upgrading the current software -- Development of the trigger analysis software framework

7. Some highlights from KEK-ATLAS muon trigger activities • ATLAS Muon Trigger Coordination • 2009 runs (900GeV)  ATLAS-CONF-2010-0132010 runs (7 TeV)  ATLAS-CONF-2010-095“Trigger paper” Eur.Phys.J C72 (2012) 18492011 runs (7 TeV)  CONF note in preparation • L2 muon-standalone trigger performance evaluation •  Master’s thesis ATLAS-CONF-2010-095 Stable, high efficient, and robust (wrt pileup) performance • Muon Trigger Menus formulation • Development of trigger analysis framework •  Master’s thesis Widely used in Trigger Community LHCC meetingMay/2010(O. Igonkina)

8. KEK-ATLAS activities on Muon Trigger Upgrade -- Understanding of backgroundsin muon system and originof L1 muon trigger rates-- Feasibility study to establishnew cuts • Feasibility study on Level-1 (L1) Muon trigger upgrade • R&D studies for Level-1 Muon trigger by usingMonitored Drift Tubes (precision chambers)

9. Standard Model H -> tt search (S. Tsuno) Collinear mass in hadhad-channel Major update from the previous search : • Introduction of new categories • in leplep- and lephad-channel, • (4 categories in leplep, 7 in lephad-channel) • Inclusion of hadhad-channel (al hadronic). https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/CONFNOTES/ATLAS-CONF-2012-014/ H -> tt -> hadhad (all hadronic) channel : • Use double hadronic tau trigger. • Nice peak at Z. (well-control of QCD events) • Make use of “boosted event topology”.

10. H->tt sensitivity Combined sensitivity with all channels; leplep, lephad and hadhad. The expected sensitivity is almost comparable between lephad- and hadhad-channels. Combined sensitivity is around 3.0xSM at mH=125 GeV. lephad channel hadhad channel hadhad-channel is comparable with lephad-channel.

11. Prospect of tau performance Trigger efficiency measurement will be crucial for combined trigger. Most of “tau”-physics analyses are going to use the combined trigger with “tau”. Offline tau reconstruction will be more and more deeply connected to the tau trigger performance. • desired to have a synchronized algorithm • between offline and trigger. • detailed understandings in term of “trigger • performance”. Plots show the presence of pi0 in the tau decay will prevent the efficient reconstruction at L1 with isolation requirement. Constant isolation degraded high pT but also by presence of pi0 in tau decay. 3-prong + no pi0 3-prong + pi0 L1 L1 ⇒　need better idea

12. Tracker related issues

13. ATLAS detector upgrade plan 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 • Phase 1 minor upgrade: • An additional pixel layer • Replacement of Inner Endcap • muon chambers toward design luminosity 14TeV -1x1034 cm-2s-1 ultimate design luminosity 1-2x1034 cm-2s-1 High-Luminosity LHC 5x1034 cm-2s-1 Phase 2: Major upgrade: Complete replacement of the inner trackers (All-silicon tracker) R&D activities in Japan • R&D of radiation- tolerant sensors • Development of short strip detector module • R&D of pixel sensors • development of muon and combined triggers. Good collaboration with DESY and German institutes is essential

14. Beam tests Pixel modules • At RNCP of Osaka Univ., e.g. • 392 MeV protons, ~80 Hz • At DESY • 4 GeV/c electron, ~4 KHz • Possible cooperation • Beamtests at DESY • EUDET telescope modules Strip-IRAM telescope Strip sensors beamtest (RNCP) EUDET telescope Pixel sensor beamtest at DESY - KEK/HPK planar pixel sensors modules with the EUDET telescope in the T21 beamline at DESY

15. Development of Strip Sensors 10 cm x 10 cm barrel sensor • KEK • Major developer of the silicon sensors (strips and pixels) • Novel p-type sensors for HL-LHC • Focusing barrel sensors • DESY • Focusing endcap sensors • Possible cooperation • Strip sensors development and evaluation • Study with miniature sensors • 95 miniature sensors have been at DESY • Lorentz angle study with BZ3 etc. • Irradiations, beamtests, … P-type strip sensor 6-in. barrel wafer

16. Modules, Macro Assemblies • KEK (+Univ. Geneve) • High thermal conductivity Cu/Polyimide hybrids • Carbon-carbon substrate bridge • Macro assembly • Carbon-carbon cooling plates • Bus cable • SMC (SuperModule Control) hybrid • Possible cooperation • Engineering materials available in Japan • SMC hybrid design • Bus cable development ABCN25 Doubleside 80 chips module Macro assembly with ABCN13 chips

17. Universal DAQ module Strip sensors beamtest • Si-TCP • Technology to realize TCP/IP and UDP communication with FPGA. • IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. Vol. 55, No. 3, 2008 • Data transfer rate: 100 Mbps (The latest version: 1 Gbps) • All the libraries for the communication is prepared in Unix-based OS • User can focus on only development of program in User-FPGA • SEABAS board • 4 sub-cards dedicated for each test can be attached • Possible cooperation • SEABAS board availability • Application for specific DAQ system

18. Activities on accelerator upgrade

19. Toward the LHC upgrade (accelerator R&D) • Recently the design group for High-Luminosity LHC is formed. • KEK is contributing to the R&D for the two key technologies: • High-field magnet for the IP regions, • Crab cavity, • High-power injector • in close collaboration with CERN and the other labs Nb3Al has better performance then Nb3Sn at the high stress condition. (But not it turned out that R&D took longer. -> R&D for HE-LHC) Nb3Al cable produced by NIMS-KEK collaboration. Design work for the separation magnet D2

20. Toward the LHC upgrade (accelerator R&D) • Recently the design group for High-Luminosity LHC is formed. • KEK is contributing to the R&D for the two key technologies: • High-field magnet for the IP regions, • Crab cavity, • High-power injector • in close collaboration with CERN and the other labs BNL CI/DL KEK Various designs of crab cavity JLAB CI/DL SLAC KEK 5 cavities newly installed in CERN PS-B. New metal alloy (FT3L) developed for J-PARC upgrade is used.

21. Summary • In the ATLAS collaborations, KEK is responsible for TGC, Endcap LVL1 muon trigger, SCT and HLT. • For ATLAS upgrade, KEK is working for LVL1 muon trigger upgrade and tracker upgrade. • R&D for the silicon trackers (strips and pixels) are the most important activity in the next several years. In this area, a lot of collaboration between KEK and DESY are possible and plausible. • Collaboration on physics analyses can be done at the personal level. Once there is a common interest, it is worth to try to get a fund (JSPS/DAAD JP-DE fund). • KEK-CERN collaboration on the LHC accelerator upgrade is in place.