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-Electrical Safety -ES Global Developments

-Electrical Safety -ES Global Developments. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd. www.cholarisk.com. In this presentation……. Section I Electrical hazards Electrical accidents – Statistics Humans & Electricity Electrical Safety Programme elements Section II

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-Electrical Safety -ES Global Developments

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  1. -Electrical Safety-ES Global Developments Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd. www.cholarisk.com

  2. In this presentation…… Section I • Electrical hazards • Electrical accidents – Statistics • Humans & Electricity • Electrical Safety Programme elements Section II • Global Developments in Electrical Safety

  3. Electrical Accidents-Statistics • 25% of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA) • 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents per year (NIOSH) • Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death (1982 - 1990) NIOSH • About 12 deaths due to electrocution NCRB, (India) • 42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources (Source -OISD) • 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to electricity

  4. ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS- 10 year Period, Chemical Industry

  5. Electrical Near-Misses & Accidents- Major Causes • Working on live equipment w/o authorization or PPE • Wiring mistakes coupled with failure of safe-energy conditions • Leaving unsafe conditions

  6. Electricity and People • A person usually offers a lesser resistance for the electricity • The person forms a completed circuit when touching the ground • Electricity always tries to travel to ground

  7. ELECTRICAL FIRES…. • ELECTRICAL FAULTS (Contd.) • STATIC DISCHARGES • LIGHTNING • USING ORDINARY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

  8. Earthing • Most electrical equipment is designed with a earthing system • Earth all equipment with metallic body (TVs?) • Double & Single earthing- differentiation? • Carry out ER tests annually as per NFPA 70 • Take action on high ER values • Identify all earth pits, maintain a Earth Pit lay out

  9. Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers • ELCBs reduce the likelihood of fatal shocks • Detect small amount of leakage current and automatically switch off the power • Can be used with extension cords and portable tools • Fuses and circuit breakers protect equipment, not people • Use the right sensitivity ELCBs (30, 100, 300 mA)

  10. Static Electricity • Created when materials rub together • Can cause shocks or even minor skin burns • Can damage sensitive electronic equipment • Reduced or prevented by: • Proper grounding • Anti-Static rubber matting • Bonding & earthing of equipment, pipelines

  11. Electrical Fire Protection • Use Linear Heat Sensing cables in cable cellars along with smoke detectors • Consider all major electrical fires in EMP • Install master control switches outside all stores • Maintain PFEs for electrical rooms • Consider local flooding systems for critical panels/ switchgear panels

  12. Case Study • An electrician received a shock while trying to replace a tube light ballast in live power condition. • He touched a live conductor. He was not wearing rubber gloves. Current entered his right hand through his little finger and exited through his left hand. • Post Accident Correction: • Working on live circuits not permitted • LOTO to be strictly enforced

  13. Equipment Operators • Never tamper with electrical interlocks • Do not repair electrical components of your machine • Properly shut off machinery before operation • Obey warning signs and follow safe procedures • Follow PTW procedures strictly

  14. Electrical Preventive Maintenance • Identification of critical Electrical Equipment • Emergency lighting • Fire Alarm System • Protection Supply DC System • UPS System, Battery Banks • Electrical Maintenance Procedures to be aligned with NFPA 70 B

  15. Planning for EPM • Personal Safety • Equipment Failure • Production Economics

  16. Electrical Preventive Maintenance • Implement EPM without slippage • Carry out all tests (ER, IR, transformer oil, DGA, LP system, transformer protective devices- simulation, FA system for electrical rooms, etc.) • Adopt NFPA 70 E / B for electrical maintenance • Adopt Risk Based maintenance • Use predictive maintenance tools (hotspot detector, Ultrasonic detectors, Thermography)

  17. ‘All electrical accidents are preceded by rise intemperature & sound’

  18. ELECTRICAL SAFETY AUDIT • A systematic approach to critically analyze the existing Electrical Procedures and Practices from safety point of view

  19. Present Status - ES-India • ES Awareness is slowly growing • Use of RCCBs in the rise, finer details are yet to be understood by many • More ES workshops / seminars are conducted in India • Statutory regulations are enforced strictly (Karnataka, Delhi - Use of RCCBs mandatory in residential buildings) • Many industries are re-aligning their Electrical practices based on international standards (NFPA, IEEE, etc.)

  20. Evolvement of ES Standards / organizations-United States • NFPA - NEC (1897) • NESC (1913), from IEEE • NIOSH (Research example: development of voltage detector that will signal the person if he gets close to live power)-1970 • OSHA (1970) • NFPA 70 E & B (1979) -approved by OSHA • Electrical Trauma Centre, Chicago (1990) • NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC

  21. ES Products...

  22. ES Auditing Techniques • Electrical Risk Assessment using Semi-Quantitative Risk Ranking (SQRR) technique • Emergency Lighting Risk Assessment • Benchmarking against applicable standards: • NFPA 780 Lightning Protection • NFPA 70 M Electrical Preventive Maintenance • NFPA 70 E Personal Safety from Electrical Safety

  23. Electrical Risk Assessment (SQRR Technique) • Risk Ranking based on severity, probability High Risk- Statutory Non-compliance, F&E hazards, Shock hazards, Risks that could result in immediate threat to life & property.Immediate correction Medium Risk - Maintenance flaws,Operational issues-correction at the next available opportunity. Low Risk - Mainly improvement measures, long term implementation

  24. RCCB Tripping How do we solve this problem in India ? Bypass it !!!

  25. ES related Information • Indian Electricity Rule, 1956 (2000 rev.): (MoP, CEA web site,http://powermin.nic.in) • Lightning Protection Risk Assessment:www.furse.com • National Electrical Safety Foundation: www.nesf.org • Free safety Power Point presentations: http://siri.org/ • Electrical Accidents: http://www.safteng.net: • IEEE IAS ES WS –Delhi Dec. 2004

  26. Standards & Codes • NFPA 70 E & B- E-Safety & Maintenance • NFPA 780- Lightning Protection • API RP 2003- Static Electricity • API RP 500- HAC • OSHA 29 CFR- part 1910- Arc Flash • NFPA 70- NEC • IEEE 1584- Arc Flash Protection • NFPA 77- Static Electricity • OSHA CFR 1926-Personnel Electrical Safety

  27. Summary • Electricity will try to reach ground even if it means going through a person • Earthing has an important role in ES • Always inspect power tools and cords and do not use them if damaged • Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment unless trained and qualified • Understand effects of Lightning- it could save your life! • Major fires, explosions occurred due to ESD , lightning in flammable atmospheres

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