7A REVIEW Circulatory, Resp iratory & Excretory Systems

1. 7A REVIEWCirculatory, Respiratory & Excretory Systems

2. 1. Which part of the human blood: a. is the most numerous? b. contains a nucleus? c. is produced in the bone marrow? d. consists mainly of water? rbc’s wbc’s rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets plasma

3. white blood cell Y Z red blood cell platelet 2. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

4. 3. Identify the part of blood being described. a. Most numerous blood cell. • Red blood cells b. Carries enzymes. • plasma c. Involved in blood clotting. • platelets d. Carries oxygen. • Red blood cells

5. 3. Identify the part of blood being described. e. Largest blood cell. • White blood cells f. Made up of 90% water. • plasma g. Involved in blood clotting. • platelets h. Protect the body against disease. • White blood cells i. Carries hormones. • plasma

6. 4. What component of blood is important in healing wounds on the skin?   a.  red blood cells   b.  urea   c.  platelets   d.  white blood cells

7. 5. What is a pickup function of blood?   picks up urine from the bladder   picks up undigested food from the large intestine   picks up carbon dioxide from the air in the lungs    picks up carbon dioxide waste from cells.

8. 6.

9. 7. 8.

10. 9. Describe the function of plasma. • Transports materials (blood cells, hormones, wastes…) 10. Describe the function and shape of red blood cells. • Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen & carbon dioxide

11. 11. What do red blood cells contain? • Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them to carry oxygen)

12. 12. A patient has blood type A+. a. What antigens are found on their right blood cells? • A antigens b. What antibodies are found in their plasma? • Anti-B antibodies c. What does the + sign mean? • They have the Rh factor (extra proteins on their red blood cells. d. If this person needs a blood transfusion, what type of blood can they receive? • A, O

13. 13. A patient has blood type AB-. a. What antigens are found on their right blood cells? • A and B antigens b. What antibodies are found in their plasma? • No antibodies c. What does the - sign mean? • They do not have the Rh factor (no extra proteins on their red blood cells. d. If this person needs a blood transfusion, what type of blood can they receive? • A, B, AB, O

14. 14. Which blood type is known as the universal donor? • Type O a. What blood types can they give blood to? • All blood types b. What blood types can they take blood from? • Only blood type O.

15. 15. Explain the difference between arteries and veins. • Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. • Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins. • Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. • Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

16. The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary. Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur. 16. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

17. glucose O2 CO2 O2 glucose glucose O2 CO2 CO2 17.The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. a. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. b. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary. O2 glucose

18. 18. Identify the blood vessel described. a. Carry blood towards the heart. • veins b. Thickest blood vessel. • arteries c. Where the diffusion of substances occurs. • capillaries d. Contain valves. • veins

19. 18. Identify the blood vessel described. e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate. • arteries f. Thinnest blood vessel • capillaries g. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure. • arteries h. Very elastic. • arteries

20. 19. Identify the blood vessels below: Capillaries Arteries Veins

21. 20. Identify the structures below. Pulmonary artery aorta left atrium Upper vena cava Pulmonary vein right atrium left ventricle right ventricle

22. valve 21. When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a

23. H,I,G,F The lungs 22. In which structures does deoxygenated blood pass through? 23. Where is this blood being sent to?

24. 24. Explain the function of the circulatory system. Transport materials through the body 25. Describe the four chambers of the heart. right atrium & right ventricle – pump deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated blood from lungs to cells 26. Explain the importance of valves in the heart. Prevent blood from moving backwards 27. Why is the septum so important? Prevents blood in right and left sides from mixing

25. 28. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to? The lungs 29. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to? To body cells 30. Identify the largest artery in the body. Where does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or deoxygenated? Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated

26. 31.Identify the part of the heart being described. a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood. Left atrium b. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. septum c. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood. Right ventricle

27. 31. Identify the part of the heart being described. d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood. Right atrium e. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles. valves f. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated blood. Left ventricles

28. 32. upper vena cava aorta Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Pulmonary vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Lower vena cava

29. 33. Which is the correct sequence for the path of oxygen through the respiratory system? Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

30. 34. The tubes that branch from the trachea are the 35. The dome shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the 36. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the 37. Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called bronchi diaphragm epiglottis bronchioles

31. 38. Explain what happens to gases during gas exchange in the alveoli. Oxygen in alveoli diffuses into capillaries (blood). Carbon dioxide in capillaries (blood) diffuses into alveoli.

32. 39. Where are the vocal cords located in the body? 40.What prevents the trachea from collapsing? 41. Where does the actual exchange of gases occur? 42. During gas exchange where does the oxygen and carbon dioxide go? larynx rings of cartilage alveoli O2 diffuses into capillaries. CO2 diffuses out of capillaries and into alveoli.

33. 43. The ______ is a long straight tube that carries air from the back of the throat to the lungs. trachea

34. 44. What structures trap foreign particles and bacteria in the nose and trachea? • pharynx        • epiglottis      • cilia        • trachea

35. 45. The order of air movement with in the lungs is best described as bronchioles to bronchi to alveoli       bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli trachea to bronchi to alveoli        bronchi to alveoli to bronchioles

36. 46. Where are the vocal cords located in the body? Larynx

37. 47. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the epiglottis

38. 48. The FIRST branches off the trachea are called bronchi

39. 49. What prevents the trachea from collapsing? rings of cartilage

40. 50. Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called • arterioles          • venules • capillaries           • bronchioles

41. 51. Inside the alveoli, carbon dioxide and oxygen • are transported along microscopic tubules • are exchanged between air and blood   • are produced inside cells        • are exchanged for other gases

42. 52. Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood contains • an increased level of oxygen • a decreased number of red blood cells • an increased level of carbon dioxide • a decreased amount of hemoglobin

43. 43. What happens to each of the following during inhalation? a. Diaphragm b. Rib cage c. Pressure in chest cavity contacts (pulls down) expands decreases

44. 44. What happens to each of the following during exhalation? a. Diaphragm b. Rib cage c. Pressure in chest cavity relaxes (moves up) relaxes increases

45. A 55. Identify the structures labeled in the diagram. A – nasal cavity B – pharynx C – larynx D – trachea E – bronchi F – bronchioles G – lung H - diaphragm B C D E F G H

46. A 56. Explain the function of the respiratory system. To carry out gas exchange between the external and internal environment B C D E F G H

47. A 57. Identify the structure described. a. Contain a ciliated mucus membrane b. Voice box c. Aids in breathing d. Throat e. Windpipe B C Nasal cavity and trachea D larynx E F G diaphragm pharynx trachea H

48. 58.

49. 59.

50. 60.