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Housekeeping

The Bible and Us Bible History how did we get what we’ve got today? Emmanuel Chesham Summer Bible School 2011. Housekeeping. June 19th praise and prayer – 7pm the Bible at Home – 7.30 / 8.45 June 26th praise and prayer – 7pm Bible Truth – 7.30 / 8.45 prayer team in coffee break

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Housekeeping

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  1. The Bible and UsBible Historyhow did we get what we’ve got today?Emmanuel CheshamSummer Bible School 2011

  2. Housekeeping • June 19th • praise and prayer – 7pm • the Bible at Home – 7.30 / 8.45 • June 26th • praise and prayer – 7pm • Bible Truth – 7.30 / 8.45 • prayer team in coffee break • at rear of worship area • Bible translation in Burkina Faso • donations welcome, in marked envelope to David Green or one of the wardens

  3. Bible History • when was the Bible written? • who wrote it? • how were its contents recognized? • how has it been copied? • how has it been translated? • how has it been at the centre of Christian life?

  4. when was the Bible written?

  5. contents: Old Testament Books of Moses Major Prophets Wisdom Minor Prophets Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Historical Books Joshua Judges Ruth 1,2 Samuel 1,2 Kings 1,2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther historical narrative set in a historical context

  6. contents: New Testament Gospels Paul’s Letters Other Letters Revelation Matthew Mark Luke John Romans 1,2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1,2 Thessalonians 1,2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1,2 Peter 1,2,3 John Jude Revelation Acts Acts historical narrative set in a historical context

  7. Bible times creation pre-Conquest 2000 patriarchs 1400 wanderings judges Conquestto Exile 1000 Old Testament period united k’dom divided k’dom 600 post-Exile exile 500 return 350 Inter-Testamental period 0 birth life ofChrist ministry death and res 30 New Testament period earlyChurch Pentecost 50 mission Revelation 90

  8. history prophets and letters wisdom which book when? creation Genesis pre-Conquest 2000 patriarchs Job Ps Prov Ecc Song 1400 wanderings Ex, Lev, Num, Deut judges Josh, Judg, Ruth Conquestto Exile 1000 united k’dom 1-2 Sam, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chr divided k’dom Is, Jer Lam, Ezek, Dan Am, Hos, Joel, Jon, Mic, Nah, Hab, Zeph 600 post-Exile exile Ezra, NehemiahEsther Obadiah 500 return Hag, Zech, Mal 350 0 birth Matthew, Mark, Luke, John life ofChrist ministry death and res 30 earlyChurch Pentecost Acts 50 mission Rom, 1-2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1-2 Thess, 1-2 Tim, Titus, Phm, Heb, Jas, 1-2 Pet, 1-3 Jn, Jd Revelation Revelation 90

  9. who wrote it?

  10. history prophets and letters wisdom who wrote what? creation Moses pre-Conquest 2000 patriarchs David Solo-mon others 1400 wanderings Joshua, Samuel, other scribes judges Conquestto Exile 1000 united k’dom divided k’dom Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel 12 prophets 600 post-Exile exile Ezra, Nehemiah1 scribe 500 return 350 0 birth Matthew (gospel) Mark (gospel) Luke (gospel+Acts) John (gospel, Revelation, letters) life ofChrist ministry death and res 30 earlyChurch Pentecost 50 Paul, Hebrews-writer, James, Peter, Jude mission Revelation 90

  11. from then till now

  12. from then till now • the Bible was written over a period of about 1600 years • by about 40 authors • more than 30 of whom, are named • it’s now 2,000 years later • how did the Bible come down to us? • the books we have today • the words we have today

  13. from Pentecost to now 30 early Church vigorous but persecuted church all over Roman Empire conversion ofConstantine division of Empire 312 ecumenicalCouncils 410 medieval Church Latin-speaking church Greek-speaking church invention of printing fall of Constantinople Reformation 1517 modern Church world-wide church

  14. recognition and rejection canon recognized works  God-breathed true, useful generally received  readers worldwide document document document document document document ? document document document document document document document  dustbin of history  bad untrue secondary document document document apocrypha rejected works

  15. from author to reader  author  reader autograph  copyist translation (version) manuscript  community  translator  community  community MS family  editor text (edition) MS family MS family

  16. how were the Bible’s contents recognized?

  17. the OT canon: Jewish view Law Prophets Writings • OT recognizes itself! • all parts refer to the Law • Daniel refers to Jeremiah (etc) • final Jewish recognition was in 90AD • at the Council of Jamnia Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Samuel Kings Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel “the 12” Psalms Proverbs Job Song of Songs Ruth Lamentations Ecclesiastes Esther Daniel Ezra-Nehemiah Chronicles

  18. the OT canon: Jesus’ view • Jesus recognized exactly the OT that was recognized in Jamnia • he quoted from nearly all of its books • and from none of the OT apocrypha • he bracketed it neatly, Mt 23.35 • “from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah” • Genesis 4 – 2 Chronicles 24 • he referred to it by name, Lk 24.44 • “the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms”

  19. the NT canon • NT writings were complete prior to AD70 • except Revelation, which is about AD90 • all written by, or close to, the apostles • other “letters” and works came in • some good but secondary, some just bad • church categorized writings as “accepted”, “disputed”, “rejected” • much evidence exists for how this developed • Eusebius, c323, is particularly clear

  20. people power or power play? • NT canon was finally agreed at Council of Carthage, 390 • was it a power play? • bishops suppressed the inconvenient stuff?? • no! – it was people power • three centuries of the people’s recognition • finally discussed openly • thanks to the new freedoms since Constantine

  21. how was the Bible copied?

  22. the Old Testament  author • Masoretic text from 1000AD • sounds bad? • but, exceptionally careful copyists • LXX (Greek) translated ~300BC • 1948: DSS discovered, 125BC! autograph  copyist 1400-350BC manuscript  Alexandrians  Masoretes  Essenes LXX Masoretictext 1000AD Dead SeaScrolls 125BC

  23. the New Testament  author • 6,000 Greek MSS exist • earliest complete are 4th century • two in British Library! • widely quoted in very early material • 9,000 translated MSS • 8,000 Latin, 1,000 others autograph  copyist 55-90AD manuscript  Byzantines  Alexandrian  various many MSS Vaticanus,Sinaiticus etc 800-1400AD fragments 320-350AD 130AD

  24. by comparison • the New Testament is by far the best attested ancient literature

  25. today’s texts • we can be very confidentin today’s text • it’s extremely close to theword of God originally given • both NT Greek and OT Hebrew • OT was faithfully copied • NT MSS evidence is unrivalled • variant readings boost confidence! • they are tiny compared to the whole • no doctrine depends on a disputed reading

  26. how has the Bible been translated?

  27. Bible translations • Bible has license to translate • Pentecost – apostles spoke in everyones’ language • early translations • Septuagint (OT in Greek, 270AD) • Vulgate (Bible in Latin, Jerome, ~390) • Wycliffe, 1382, from Latin into English • the Bible of the Amersham martyrs and Thomas Harding

  28. the Reformation  reader • Reformation principle:everyone has direct access to God • all are priests! • all can read andunderstand God’s word! • so, the Reformerswere translators • aided by texts basedon Greek MSSfrom Constantinople • and by printing translation (version)  translator Luther ·German, 1522 Tyndale ·English, 1526 Olivétan · French, 1536  Erasmus text (edition)

  29. the King James Bible • also KJV, and AV, “Authorized Version” • requested by King James I in 1604 • committee of 50 translators • published 1611 • remained the English Bible until well into the 20th century • woven into fabric of English-speaking history and culture worldwide

  30. choosing a translation “ideal” accurate “literal” translations NIV Greek+Hebrew text KJB 2011 1611 CEV LatinVulgate paraphrases New World (JW) Book ofMormon! cults’ and sects’ mistranslations inaccurate unreadable readable

  31. the Bible at the centre

  32. Bible at the centre • the Reformation • missionary translations • Carey in India (1800s), Henry Martyn in Persia (1810s), Judson in Burma (1820s) ... • Wycliffe Bible Translators (1942 onwards) • Christians working together • eg in University Christian Unions, or in mission • in vibrant church life • in Christians’ homes

  33. looking forward • Bible at home • a really practical session • Bible truth • in fact it’s not the Bible which is central, it’s God! • we’ll look at why the Bible is needed, and take a deeper look at why it’s reliable

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