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Políticas Públicas em Alcohol

Políticas Públicas em Alcohol. Alcohol policy-makers are answerable to the policy consumers. People consume services, and alcohol policy is a service Alcohol policy serves two purposes: To enhance benefits resulting from use of alcohol To contain/reduce alcohol-related harms

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Políticas Públicas em Alcohol

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  1. Políticas Públicas em Alcohol

  2. Alcohol policy-makers are answerable to the policy consumers • People consume services, and alcohol policy is a service • Alcohol policy serves two purposes: • To enhance benefits resulting from use of alcohol • To contain/reduce alcohol-related harms • Citizens deserve to know whether enacted alcohol policies are apt and well chosen • High quality policies will be those that are evidence-based

  3. Chosing effective strategies • Need for a systematic procedure to evaluate the evidence, compare alternativa interventions and assess the fbenefits to society of different approaches

  4. Como entender a Tabela 16.1 • Evidence of effectiveness 0 lack of effectiveness + limited effectiveness ++ moderate effectiveness +++ high degree of effectiveness ? No studies, or insuficient evidence

  5. Tabela 16.1(cont.) • Breadth of research support 0 no studies of effectiveness have been undertaken + only one well designed study of effectiveness ++ two to four studies +++ five ir more studies

  6. Tabela 16.1(cont.) • Extent of testing across countries and cultures 0 the strategy has not been tested adequately + strategy studiend in only one country ++ studied in two to four countries +++ five or more countries

  7. Tabela 16.1(cont.) • Cost to implement and sustain Low Moderate High

  8. Target groups (TG) • GP - General population of drinkers • HR - High-risk drinkers or groups particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of alcohol (adolescents) • HD - Persons already manifesting harmful drinking and alcohol dependence

  9. Target groups (cont.) • Of the 32 interventions and strategies evaluated, 16 are targeted at the GP, 12 at HR, and 4 at HD. • Interventions directed at the general population have higher effectiveness ratings thatn those targeted at other groups. • Interventions directed at the general population and high-risk groups tend to be less costly to implement and maintain than interventions with harmful drinkers

  10. Table 16.1. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions

  11. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – PHYSICAL AVAILABILITY

  12. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – ALTERING DRINKING CONTEXT

  13. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – DRINKING-DRIVING

  14. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – TREATMENT AND EARLY INTERVENTION

  15. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – EDUCATION AND PERSUATION

  16. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – REGULATING ALCOHOL PROMOTION

  17. Ratings of policy-relevant stategies and interventions – TAXATION AND PRICING

  18. Integrated alcohol policies Our ratings suggest that a combination of pjysical availability limits at the general population level, certain drinking-driving countermeasures directed at all three target groups, and brief interventions directed at high-risk drinkers will offer the best value as the foundation for a comprehensive alcohol policy approach

  19. The strong strategies • Availability restrictions • Taxation • Enforcement Good research support Applicable in most countries Relatively inexpensive to implement and sustain

  20. Education and public service messages • Expected impact is low for education and public service messages about drinking • High cost • In terms of impact or value-for-money, education strategies have shown little or no effect, regardless of the investment

  21. Treatment and early intervention strategies • Medium effectiveness • Limited impact at the population level • Full treatment for alcohol problems only benefits a relatively small fraction of the population who come to treatment

  22. Altering the drinking context • Research in this area is only now getting under way • It seems that strategies will have some impact without being too costly

  23. Science more accessible to policy-makers • Policy changes should be made with caution and with a sense of experimentation to determine whether they have their intended effects • Interdisciplinary research is capable of playing a critical role in the progress of public health by applying the methodologies of the medical, behavioural, social and population sciences

  24. The precautionary principleA general public health concept • “To take preventive action even in the face of uncertainty” • To shift the burden of proof to the proponents of a potentially harmful actitivy • To offer alternatives to harmful actions • To increase public involvement in decision-making • Decision-making must be guided by the likelihood of risk, rather than the potential for profit

  25. Extraordinary oportunities • Multiple • Changes can be made rationally • Combine rationally selected strategies into an integrated overall policy • The research base is strong • Policies can be implemented at multiple levels • Public awareness and support can be strengthened • International collaboration can be enhanced

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