Questions About Content on Upcoming Assessment Earth's History GQ #1-4

1. Questions About Content on Upcoming Assessment Earth's History GQ #1-4

2. 1st and 2nd Blocks

3. Explain Convection Currents • Occur in the Asthenosphere of the mantle • Type of heat transfer that occurs in a liquid or gas based on temperature changing density. • As temperature increases, density decreases causing a substance to rise. • As the temperature decreases, density decreases causing a substance to sink

5. How do Convection Currents in the Mantle make Plates move? • In the asthenosphere of the mantle, as the heat from the core heats the magma, it rises to the top because it is less dense. • As the magma cools, it becomes more dense and sinks to the bottom of the asthenosphere. • The rising and sinking of the magma, moves the tectonic plates above it, resulting in earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains etc...

7. What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in the mantle? • Lithosphere = crust + top of asthenosphere • Lithosphere is broken into pieces called tectonic plates. • Asthenosphere is top part of the mantle • Asthenosphere is made of molten magma and is where convection currents occur.

9. What is the difference between the 3 types of plate boundaries and the events that occur there? • Transform boundaries - move in opposite directions of each other; earthquakes occur here • Convergent boundaries - move towards each other; form mountains; can also be where subduction occurs in the ocean Earthquakes and volcanoes can occur here. • Divergent boundaries - move away from each other; results in Rift Valley forming on land or where sea-floor occurs in the ocean. Earthquakes can occur here.

11. Explain the evidence of Sea-Floor Spreading • Identical stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge on the ocean floor. • Formed as new ocean floor hardens and magnetic material in magma aligns with magnetic poles. • Also indicates our poles have reversed several times in Earth's history

13. Processes that Occur in Plate Tectonics • Process = An Action or something happening • Sea-floor Spreading -occurs at a divergent boundary; happens at the mid-ocean ridge at the Rift Valley; makes new ocean floor • Subduction - occurs at a convergent boundary; occurs at a trench; destroys old ocean floor by pulling it back into the asthenosphere and melting it.

14. Sea-Floor Spreading • Subduction Subduction

15. Can the Type of Boundary change where Plates meet? • Plates can have many different types of boundaries along their edges. • They do not change BUT they might change in the future as our continents move due to plate tectonics

16. 3rd Block

17. Explain Convection Currents • Occur in the Asthenosphere of the mantle • Type of heat transfer that occurs in a liquid or gas based on temperature changing density. • As temperature increases, density decreases causing a substance to rise. • As the temperature decreases, density decreases causing a substance to sink

19. How do Convection Currents in the Mantle make Plates move? • In the asthenosphere of the mantle, as the heat from the core heats the magma, it rises to the top because it is less dense. • As the magma cools, it becomes more dense and sinks to the bottom of the asthenosphere. • The rising and sinking of the magma, moves the tectonic plates above it, resulting in earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains etc...

21. What is the difference between the 3 types of plate boundaries and the events that occur there? • Transform boundaries - move in opposite directions of each other; earthquakes occur here • Convergent boundaries - move towards each other; form mountains; can also be where subduction occurs in the ocean Earthquakes and volcanoes can occur here. • Divergent boundaries - move away from each other; results in Rift Valley forming on land or where sea-floor occurs in the ocean. Earthquakes can occur here.

23. Processes that Occur in Plate Tectonics • Process = An Action or something happening • Sea-floor Spreading -occurs at a divergent boundary; happens at the mid-ocean ridge at the Rift Valley; makes new ocean floor • Subduction - occurs at a convergent boundary; occurs at a trench; destroys old ocean floor by pulling it back into the asthenosphere and melting it.

24. Sea-Floor Spreading • Subduction Subduction

25. What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in the mantle? • Lithosphere = crust + top of asthenosphere • Lithosphere is broken into pieces called tectonic plates. • Asthenosphere is top part of the mantle • Asthenosphere is made of molten magma and is where convection currents occur.

26. What are the two Theories? • Theory of Continental Drift: • states that all continents today were once connected and slowly drifted apart to their current locations. Alfred Wegner • Theory of Plate Tectonics: • States that the lithospheric plates are in constant slow motion

27. What is the difference between the mid-ocean ridge and a trench? • Mid-Ocean Ridge: • Is a long underwater mountain chain • Is located at divergent boundaries • Is where sea-floor spreading occurs (make new ocean crust) • Trenches: • Are slits at the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean • Are located are convergent boundaries • Is where subduction occurs (destroys ocean crust)

28. How are the layers/parts of the Earth different? • Crust= oceanic crust + continental crust • Composed of soil and rocks • Lithosphere= all the crust and the top of asthenosphere that it floats on . • Mantle= asthenosphere + mesosphere • ( magma/melted ) (solid rock) • Core= outer core + inner core • (liquid metal) (solid metal)

29. 4th Block

30. How are the layers/parts of the Earth different? • Crust= oceanic crust + continental crust • Composed of soil and rocks • Lithosphere= all the crust and the top of asthenosphere that it floats on . • Mantle= asthenosphere + mesosphere • ( magma/melted ) (solid rock) • Core= outer core + inner core • (liquid metal) (solid metal)

31. How do Convection Currents in the Mantle make Plates move? • In the asthenosphere of the mantle, as the heat from the core heats the magma, it rises to the top because it is less dense. • As the magma cools, it becomes more dense and sinks to the bottom of the asthenosphere. • The rising and sinking of the magma, moves the tectonic plates above it, resulting in earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains etc...

33. What is the difference between the 3 types of plate boundaries and the events that occur there? • Transform boundaries - move in opposite directions of each other; earthquakes occur here • Convergent boundaries - move towards each other; form mountains; can also be where subduction occurs in the ocean Earthquakes and volcanoes can occur here. • Divergent boundaries - move away from each other; results in Rift Valley forming on land or where sea-floor occurs in the ocean. Earthquakes can occur here.

35. What is the difference between the mid-ocean ridge, rift valley and a trench? • Mid-Ocean Ridge:Is a long underwater mountain chain • Is located at divergent boundaries • Is where sea-floor spreading occurs (make new ocean crust) • Rift Valley: Is found between the mid-ocean ridge, where magma rises from the asthenosphere • Trenches: Are slits at the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean • Are located at convergent boundaries • Is where subduction occurs (destroys ocean crust)

36. Processes that Occur in Plate Tectonics • Process = An Action or something happening • Sea-floor Spreading -occurs at a divergent boundary; happens at the mid-ocean ridge at the Rift Valley; makes new ocean floor • Subduction - occurs at a convergent boundary; occurs at a trench; destroys old ocean floor by pulling it back into the asthenosphere and melting it.

37. Sea-Floor Spreading • Subduction Subduction

38. What are the two Theories? • Theory of Continental Drift: • states that all continents today were once connected and slowly drifted apart to their current locations. Alfred Wegner • Theory of Plate Tectonics: • States that the lithospheric plates are in constant slow motion

39. How do we know Pangaea existed? • Evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea includes- • Connecting mountain chains in South America and Africa; North America and Europe • Glacial deposits found in tropical or hot areas (Africa, Australia, India) • Fossils found in climate regions where they could not have survived (tropical plant found in Antarctica, Africa, Australia) • Continents fitting together like puzzle pieces (South America and Africa)