Emancipation Proclamation

1. Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln

2. Background • 1860 – 1861 • 11 states of the Confederacy seceded • Feared Lincoln would interfere with slavery • The North Entered War • Wanted to reunite the Union • Lincoln • “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it…”

3. Broadening the War • Mid 1862 – • Lincoln needs to change the war • Southern Victories = Sunken Northern Spirits • Needed the support of Anti-Slavery Groups • Lincoln decides to end slavery • Waited until a victory in a major battle. • Antietam

4. The Order • “Several weeks ago, I read to you an Order I had prepared….I think the time has come now. I wish it were a better time….The action of the army against the Rebels has not been quite what I should have best liked. But they have been driven out of Maryland.” • Abraham Lincoln

5. The Preliminary Proclamation • September 22, 1862 • Lincoln issues a preliminary proclamation • It declared… • all slaves in seceded states “forever free” unless the states returned to the Union by January 1, 1863 • The new year came and went and no Confederate states reentered the Union

6. The Emancipation Proclamation • January 1, 1863 • Did not actually free a single slave • Excluded 800,000+ slaves in “Border States” • Applied only to lands outside Federal control • The CSA

7. The Emancipation Proclamation • "That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

8. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

9. And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

10. Results • Weakened the Confederacy without angering slaveholders in the Union • Gave new meaning to the war for Northerners • What are they fighting for? • Discouraged foreign powers from aiding the South • European countries banned slavery • Refused to take sides against a government fighting to end slavery

11. The 13th Amendment • Section 1 – • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Section 2 – • Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

12. Impact of Emancipation Proclamation • Jefferson Davis • labeled REBELLION on chain. • Defeated • seated figure with small hammer labeled COMPROMISE. • Henry W. Halleck • wields mallet labeled SKILL. • George McClellan • wields mallet labeled STRATEGY. • Edwin M. Stanton • holds mallet labeled DRAFT. • Lincoln • shoulders an axe labeled EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. Stanton: Halleck may use his skill and Mac his strategy, but this draft will do the business. Lincoln: You can try him with that, but I'm afraid this axe of mine is the only thing that will fetch him.