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Agronomy 101

Agronomy 101. Otherwise known as: Manure Happens. Topics. Manure Characteristics Nutrient content N-P-K Factors affecting nutrient content of manure Differences amongst animal species Sampling requirements and methods Application e quipment. Topics. Record and manure management

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Agronomy 101

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  1. Agronomy 101 Otherwise known as: Manure Happens

  2. Topics • Manure • Characteristics • Nutrient content N-P-K • Factors affecting nutrient content of manure • Differences amongst animal species • Sampling requirements and methods • Application equipment

  3. Topics • Record and manure management • Nutrient Budgets • Worksheets

  4. 7020.0300 Definitions • Subp. 4. Animal manure or manure. • “Animal manure” or “manure” means poultry, livestock, or other animal excrete or mixture of excrete with feed, bedding, precipitation, or other materials. • https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

  5. 7020.0300 Definitions • Subp. 13b. Manure – contaminated runoff • “Manure-contaminated runoff” means a liquid that has come into contact with animal manure and drains over land from any animal feedlot, manure storage area, or animal land application site. • https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

  6. 7020 and NPDES Definitions • Solid Manure • 7020.2125 Manure Stockpiling Sites • Subp. 1, item B. • Manure must not be placed on a stockpiling site unless a three-to- one horizontal-to-vertical ratio can be maintained or the manure has at least, a 15 percent solids content • https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules?id=7020.2125

  7. 7020 and NPDES Definitions • NPDES Permit language • Solid Manure (15 percent or more solids, and handled as a solid) Winter Application • Liquid Manure is considered to be any Manure that does not meet the definition of “solid Manure” provided in item 3. • http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=13482

  8. Manure Sampling Requirements • NPDES = annually • Storage area for 100 au or more = once every 4 years • 300 au or more farms = for 3 consecutive years than once every 4 years • 7020.2225 LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE. • Subp. 2.Manure nutrient testing requirements. • https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.2225

  9. Manure Sampling Recommendations • Composite samples • How is the manure handled/managed • Housing – bedding – equipment • Liquid or solid manure • Storage system agitated • Custom hauler • Best time to sample – when applying manure • Recommend annual sampling • Recommend running averages • http://www.mn.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/ecs/nutrient/manure/mnnutr6.pdf

  10. Reference Materials • Beer and Baking • U of M and Dept of Ag • Nutrient & Manure Management Tables and • Nutrient Management Tables • Excellent reference materials

  11. Liquid Manure Application Equipment

  12. Double disks manure applicator

  13. Double disks manure applicator

  14. Sweep injection manure applicator

  15. Sweep injection manure applicator

  16. Knife injection manure applicator

  17. Broadcast solid manure applicators • Typically used with solid manure and semi-solid manures • End gate spreaders are used with dry manure and bedded pack manure • Side-slingers used with semi-solids or slurry manures

  18. End gate spreader

  19. Side-slinger spreader

  20. or Toyota Cowrolla

  21. Nutrient Budgets • Method to calculate amount of manure and or fertilizer to apply to planned crop • Calculations use MN-extension formulas • Variables include: • Crop rotation and yield goals • Manure analysis and method of application • Fertilizer use • Beer & Baking or Balancing your Checkbook

  22. Nutrient Budgetscrop needs • Crop rotation = nutrient recommendation

  23. Nutrient Budgets availability • Type of animal and method of application = nutrient availability

  24. Nutrient Budgetswhat’s in your account • Calculate any 2nd year manure credit • Based on previous years total manure nitrogen applied

  25. Nutrient Budgets Example • Corn following corn = 180 pounds of nitrogen • Finishing swine manure analysis for N-P-K: • 58-44-40 pounds/1000 gallons • Method of manure application: • Broadcast immediate incorporation with disks: • Nitrogen availability =75% • Starter fertilizer credit: 5 – 10 – 0 pound N-P-K

  26. How many #s of N are available? • 43.5# • 35.6# • 58.4# • 40.3#

  27. Nutrient Budgets Example

  28. How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre? • 4150 gallons / acre • 3500 gallons / acre • 4000 gallons / acre • 6050 gallons / acre

  29. Nutrient Budgets Example

  30. Nutrient Budgets Example • 180 – 5# N in starter = 175 # nitrogen • 58# N in manure x 75% (available N) = 43.5 • 175 ÷ 43.5 = 4.022 • 4.022 x 1000 = 4000 gallons/acre

  31. 2nd Budget Example • Work thru the following example: • Crop rotation: corn following soybeans • Finishing swine manure: 58 – 44 – 40 per 1000/gals of N-P-K • Method of application: Sweep injection • 4,000 gallons of hog manure applied 2 years ago • 5 gallons 28% in herbicide = 15# nitrogen

  32. Manure Nutrients Short Form

  33. How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre? • 3000 gallons / acre • 1700 gallons / acre • 2000 gallons / acre • 3500 gallons / acre

  34. Final Answer • Corn on Beans • 180# N needed – 40#N from beans = 140#N • 140# N – last years manure 35# N = 105#N • (4000 gallon x 15% = 35#N) • 105# N – Fertilizer application 15# = 80#N • 80#N / 46.4# N per 1000 gallon • (58# N/ 1000 gallon x 80%) • = 1700 gallons per acre

  35. 3rd Budget Example • Work thru the following example: • Crop rotation: corn following corn following average alfalfa • Dairy manure: 10 – 3 - 6 (N-P-K pounds/ton) • Method of application: Broadcast incorporated within 2 days at 25 tons/acre • Manure applied 2 years ago at 25 tons/acre use same analysis (10-3-6)

  36. How many ton can be applied per acre? • 32.5 ton per acre • 17 ton per acre • 19 ton per acre • 21.5 ton per acre

  37. Final Answer • Corn on corn with alfalfa 2 years ago – 130#N • (180# - 50#N from alfalfa 2 years ago) • 130#N – last years manure 62#N = 68#N • (25 ton x 10#N/ton x 15% = 62#N) • 68#N needed / 4#N ton manure = 17 ton

  38. Not a good day to visit the farm

  39. Phosphorous • High phosphorous soils - added requirements • Sensitive areas • > 22 Bray • > 17 Olsen • Over 300’ from sensitive areas • > 75 Bray • > 60 Olsen • Interim permit required some cases

  40. Resource

  41. Crop Needs

  42. Crop Removal

  43. Example 1 • Soil sample – 72 ppm Bray • 450 AU Cattle site • Intermittent Stream • Average yield 210 bu corn/acre • Manure test – 12-14-10

  44. Phosphorous Concerns? • Over 300’ from sensitive area • No issue with phosphorus • Nitrogen limits • Within 300” from sensitive area • Prevent phosphorus buildup • Utilize crop removal figures

  45. Example 2 • Soil sample – 82 ppm Bray • 450 AU Cattle site • Intermittent Stream • Average yield 210 bu corn/acre

  46. How many ton can be applied per acre? • Determined by Nitrogen limits • 6.2 ton per acre • 5.1 ton per acre • 5.7 ton per acre

  47. Questions?

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