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Accessible Test Design

Accessible Test Design. Michael Russell. Principles of Universal Design. Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. — Ron Mace. Access - Two Perspectives.

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Accessible Test Design

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  1. Accessible Test Design Michael Russell

  2. Principles of Universal Design • Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.— Ron Mace

  3. Access - Two Perspectives • Examinee Access to the Test • Test Accessing the Construct

  4. Accessing the Construct

  5. What is a Test? • Indirect measure of a construct or set of closely related constructs • Constructs are unobservable • A test provides a sample of observable behaviors believed to be the product the intended construct • Observable behaviors used to make an inference about the construct

  6. Quantitative Score Present Information Interact with Content Measure of Construct Produce Response Stimulate Construct Apply Construct Visible Product of Construct Inference Statement About Construct How an Item Functions

  7. Quantitative Score Present Information Interact with Content Measure of Construct Inaccurate “intake” of item content Interference from non-targeted construct Inaccurate transference of response Produce Response Stimulate Construct Apply Construct Visible Product of Construct Inference Statement About Construct Barriers to Access

  8. Test Accommodations Test accommodations are changes in format, administration, response, setting, timing or scheduling that do not alter in any significant way what the test measures or the comparability of results. When used properly, appropriate test accommodations remove barriers to participation in the assessment and provide students with diverse learning needs an equal opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge or skills. NECAP Partner States: NH, VT and RI 2009

  9. Universal Design “Universal Design does not imply ‘one sizes fits all’ but rather acknowledges the need for alternatives to suit many different people’s needs.” “…the essence of UDL is flexibility and the inclusion of alternatives to adapt to the myriad variations in learner needs, styles, and preferences.” -Rose & Meyer, 2000, p. 4

  10. Universal Design for Assessment Flexibly adjust to enable students to: • Access test content • Interact with content • Respond to content

  11. Keys to Universal Design • Anticipate variety of needs during development • Provide multiple, layered options • Avoid special actions to meet needs

  12. Overcoming Barriers to Access • Adapted Presentation • Display of content • Representational form of content • Adapted Interaction • Adapted Response Mode

  13. Imagine… Ability to concentrate on the problem is one of the constituent parts of the successful mental work

  14. Imagine… We all see things the same way. We see words in groups or phrases.The print is more dominant than thebackground. The print shows nomovement. The printed letters areevenly black. Black print on whitepaper gives the best contrast foreveryone. White background lookswhite.

  15. Adapted Presentation Examples • Magnification • High Contrast • Color Filters • White Space

  16. Alternate Representation: WATER W-A-T-E-R

  17. Alternate Representation: RELATIONSHIPS

  18. Most Common Forms of Alternate Representation • Braille • American Sign Language • Foreign languages • Scientific notation • Narrative descriptions of images • Images for narratives • Oral descriptions of table & graphs

  19. Supporting Interaction Needs • Masking • Auditory Calming • Prompts • Flags • Keyword Highlighting • Scaffolds • Breaks • Increased Time • Chunking • Item placement • Reduced answer options

  20. Supporting Response Needs • Mouse input • Keyboard input • Touchscreen input • Intellikeys input • Tab-Enter navigation/input) • Speech-to-text

  21. NimbleTools Demonstration

  22. Accessible Test Design

  23. Accessible Portable Item Profile (APIP) Standards Universally Designed CB Interfaces Accessible Test Delivery x =

  24. APIP Test Model

  25. Default Item Alternate Version Default Item Information Default Content Information Companion Material Information Accessibility Information Inclusion Order Alternate Content Information Companion Material Information Accessibility Information Inclusion Order Item Information Model

  26. APIP • Provides Structure to Item Development • Specifies Behaviors for Test Delivery • Requires Specifications of Student Needs • Comprehensive Integrated Solution for Accessible Test Design

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