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Mealtime Observational Methods

Mealtime Observational Methods. Psych 130 Lab October 14 , 2010. Bronfenbrenner Review. Development reflects the influence of five Environmental Systems Microsystem Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem. Bronfenbrenner’s Contribution. CONTEXT

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Mealtime Observational Methods

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  1. MealtimeObservational Methods Psych 130 Lab October 14, 2010

  2. Bronfenbrenner Review • Development reflects the influence of five Environmental Systems • Microsystem • Mesosystem • Exosystem • Macrosystem • Chronosystem

  3. Bronfenbrenner’s Contribution • CONTEXT • Implications for studying development • Observation of behavior within its natural context

  4. The Family Dinner Table as a Context for Development • Fiese & Schwartz (2008) • Family meals associated with numerous positive developmental outcomes • Based on this article, why might we be interested in studying what occurs during a family dinner?

  5. Family Dinner as a Context for Learning Language • Ely et al. (2001) • Parents exert influence on their children’s language development, especially through use of language related to language itself • Studied within three developmental domains • Pragmatics • Metalinguistics • Emergent literacy

  6. Pragmatic • Socialization of language • Requires explicit guidance about language system itself • i.e., prompts for politeness, reminders to “say” certain things

  7. Metalinguistic • Understanding how language works • “Talk about talk” • i.e., explanatory talk (vocabulary lessons), reported speech

  8. Emergent Literacy • Knowledge of the functions of literacy • Value placed in reading and writing activities • i.e., word games, incorporation of ‘literary experiences’ into experience of world

  9. Coding • Content analysis • Code behavior according to whether it belongs to a certain category • Defining categories • Start with a construct, narrow to observable behavior • Using operational definitions • Objective recipes for variables • Allow hypothesis testing • Learn to use the scheme • Evaluating your scheme

  10. Observation Type? • Laboratory • Naturalistic • Participant

  11. Ely et al.Coding Scheme • Designed to capture functional intent of use of language-focused terms • Pragmatic Codes • Control • Clarification • Elicitation • Specification • Literacy Code • Incomplete • Metalinguistic Codes • Emphasis/formulaic • Comment • Comment about past speech • Labeling • Reported Speech • Inanimate/generic

  12. Today’s Lab • Activity 1: Field Notes • Activity 2: Learning to code with the Ely scheme • Calculating inter-rater reliability • Activity 3: Design and test your own code • Lab Report Conversation

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