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War of the First Coalition

War of the First Coalition. War of the First Coalition (1792–1797). France declared war on the Habsburg monarchy of Austria on 20 April, 1792 The European monarchies hoped to contain the French Revolution. French revolutionary forces were soundly defeated by the Austrian military.

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War of the First Coalition

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  1. War of the First Coalition

  2. War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) • France declared war on the Habsburg monarchy of Austria on 20 April, 1792 • The European monarchies hoped to contain the French Revolution. • French revolutionary forces were soundly defeated by the Austrian military. • Only the conflict between eastern monarchs over the division of Poland saved France from defeat. • Intensified existing unrest and dissatisfaction of unpropertied classes.

  3. War of the First Coalition cont. • Initially French revolutionary forces were soundly defeated by the Austrian military. • Only the conflict between eastern monarchs over the division of Poland saved France from defeat. • Intensified existing unrest and dissatisfaction of unpropertied classes in France. • Jacobins blamed their defeat on Louis XVI, believing him to be part of a conspiracy with Prussia and Austria.

  4. Brunswick Manifesto (July 25, 1792) • Brunswick Manifesto issued by Prussia and Austria and threatened to destroy Paris if the royal family was harmed. • In response to Brunswick Manifesto, Jacobin-incited mobs seized power in Paris. • Revolutionary sentiment was stoked by Robespierre, Danton, and the journalist, Marat • August 10, 1792: Tuleries (the king’s palace in Paris) was stormed and the King was taken prisoner, after fleeing to the Legislative Assembly. • Swiss Guards were defeated and many were murdered by the Parisian mob. • Marked the beginning of the “Second Revolution”

  5. In August of 1792, an 80,000-man army entered France under the reticent Duke of Brunswick, capturing key fortresses on its march towards Paris. • Half of the force was Prussian and 30,000 were Austrian, French emigres and minor German states made up the rest. • Opposing the Allied army was a force of 36,000 Frenchmen under Generals Kellerman and Dumouriez.

  6. On September 20th in Valmy they reached a stalemate, the French artillery inflicted serious casualties and Brunswick and his forces returned home. • This battle is seen as the turning point of the war in French favor • The war continues through 1797 with French invasions in Italy, Belgium, Austria, and Germany

  7. Austria signed the Treaty of Campo Formio in October of 1797,ceding Belgium to France and recognizing French control of the Rhineland and much of Italy. • The ancient Republic of Venice was partitioned between Austria and France. • This ended the War of the First Coalition, although Great Britain and France remained at war.

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