5.3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age, the Peloponnesian War, and Philosophy

1. 5.3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age, the Peloponnesian War, and Philosophy Mrs. Valli

2. Post-Persian War Athens • After defeating the Persians at Salamis, Themistocles came home a war hero. • Themistocles: • Supported by the Athenians lower class • Didn’t see eye to eye with Athenian nobility • Convinced Athens it was necessary to build navy and fortify city

3. Themistocles is Ostracized

4. Pericles (think “IS GO”) • Influential Statesman • General • Orator (public speaker)

5. Pericles’ Three Goals for Athens • Stronger Democracy • Increased paid officials • Direct democracy (most adult males had a vote) • Hold & Strengthen Athenian Empire • 200 ship navy strongest in the Mediterranean • Glorifying Athens • Used Delian League • Rebuilt Athens after Persian War (Parthenon is an example of reconstruction)

6. TALK TO A NEIGHBOR • Goal: Create a stronger democracy What were Pericles’ three goals for Athens and how did he accomplish them? -Increased the number of paid public jobs so poor could hold office -Promoted direct democracy so all adult male citizens could vote 2) Goal: Hold & Strengthen Athenian Empire -Took $ from Delian League to build Athens’ navy 3) Goal: Glorify Athens -Rebuilt Athens (Parthenon is an example)

7. 3 3 Section Assessment HOME Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 1. List Pericles’ three goals for Athens. Give at least one example for each. Pericles’ Goals Strengthen Athens’ democracy: Increased number of paid officials, increased citizen participation Glorify Athens: Hired artists, built architectural projects and the Parthenon Hold and strengthen empire: Built navy through Delian League’s funds, protected overseas trade continued . . .

8. Parthenon (Pericles’ “Big Project”) -located on Athens’ Acropolis -purpose was to glorify Athens -served as a place for ritual and ceremony

9. A gold statue of Athena is found inside the Parthenon

10. TALK TO A NEIGHBOR Athens’ Acropolis What purpose does the Parthenon serve? Where was the Parthenon located? A place for rituals and ceremonies What is the Parthenon an example of? Pericles’ goal of glorifying Athens

11. GREEK COLUMNS

13. TALK TO A NEIGHBOR Doric Which column seems: The simplest? The most elaborate? What’s the Parthenon? Corinthian Doric

15. Setting the Stage… Under Pericles, Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning. The artistic and literary legacies of this time continue to inspire and instruct people around the world.

16. Greek Styles in Art • Classical Art: graceful, strong, and perfectly formed • Sculpture • Phidias created Athena statue, which can be found in Parthenon

17. Greek Drama • Built first theaters in the west Tragedy & Comedy A serious drama about common themes: love, hate, war, betrayal Slapstick situations and crude humor Famous Tragedy (dramatist) Writers: Aeschylus – Trilogy (The Oresteia) Sophocles – 100 plays (Oedipus Rex- the story of a cursed king and his troubled family) Euripides – Sympathetic portrayals of women (Medea)

18. TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR What is a tragedy? A serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war and betrayal What is a comedy? A slapstick situation, usually with crude humor

19. The Delian League • Who: some Greek City-States, led by Athens • What: An alliance formed to prevent foreign invasion • Where: Originally met on island of Delos but then Pericles convinced members to move meetings and the treasury to Athens

21. 1. Delian League: Athens and other small city states that supported democracy 2. Peloponnesian League : Sparta and other city states that supported an oligarchy. Who fought?

22. Causes • After the Persian War tension was building for years • Athens had supremepower and others resentedthem • Basically, there was competition for the Greek world

24. Athens = strongest sea power in Greece Sparta = strongest land power in Greece Athens vs Sparta

25. TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR T True or False, Athens was the strongest sea power in both the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War? True or False, Sparta was the strongest land power in both the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War? T

26. Spartans Athens

27. Who Won? SPARTA!

28. How Did Sparta Win? • Sparta was located inland so it could not be attacked from the sea • Athens could be attacked by sea and land • Athens tried to move its people behind the acropolis and plague broke out = weakened Athens (about 1/3 of population, including Pericles, died)

29. QUICK, tell your neighbor why Sparta won…

30. Acropolis

31. Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars • Ended the reign of Athenian greatness • Corruption replaced good citizenship • People lost faith in democracy • Sparta is taken over by Thebes • Macedonia becomes the next great power To Sum: cultural advancements lessen and political power weakens

32. TABLE WORK • Work with all members at your table to come up with a trick to remember the “effects of the Peloponnesian war.” • Be QUICK, you got 2 minutes! • GO!

34. philosophy Believed in 2 major principles: -The world was put together in a logical way -People could understand the world with logic and reason

35. “SPA” = Socrates, Plato, Aristotle • Socrates: • Encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their morals • Sought the truth through a series of questions and answers • Was put on trial & sentenced to death for corrupting Athens’ youth; Socrates drank poison and died • Plato: • Wrote “The Republic”, which talked about a perfectly governed society • Founded the “Academy” • Aristotle: • Alexander the Great’s teacher • Provided basis for the scientific method • Questioned the nature of the world and of human beliefs

36. Close Work with your tablemates to answer the following questions. We will discuss orally after we watch 3 short movies. • Explain what life was like during Greece’s Golden Age. • Explain how the philosophers affected democracy in Greece. • Explain the causes of the Peloponnesian War.