Chap 6 Engineering Design

1. Chap 6Engineering Design PREP004 – Introduction to Applied Engineering College of Engineering - University of Hail Fall 2009

2. What do these “creations” have in common? 003d50 cfd9 MOVFF 0xfd9,0xfe6 003d52 ffe6 003d54 cfe1 MOVFF 0xfe1,0xfd9 003d56 ffd9 003d58 0e02 MOVLW 0x2 003d5a 26e1 ADDWF 0xe1,0x1,0x0 003d5c 0e05 MOVLW 0x5 003d60 ec7d CALL

3. Common……. • They are “created” for a purpose, a “function.” Most of them fulfill multiple functions. • They all have some sort of a shape, a “form.” The shape relates to the function, the usage of the device, materials implementation, and many other factors. • They are all made by using “material.” • Virtually all have “cost” considerations. • Others have: safety, environmental, simplicity, usability, comfort, …considerations.

4. Functions? Function 1 Functions 1 2 Functions 1 2 3 4 5 Functions 1 2 3

5. Engineering Design Function: To receive signals from the beacon, analyze, send information to controller. (input/output). Form: Most simple rectangle, except the receivers: semicircle. Reason: usage requires wider angle. Material: electronic components

6. The Key Elements of Product Design • Function: All products and services have one or more It is the reason you are building the product. It is the purpose of your design. • Form: The final form of a product, or a structure, is the result of many factors: -The way you achieve the function, the “solution”, -The available material, their use , their properties,cost, environment etc. • Materials: The availability and properties have direct effect on the form of the product: strength, weight, flexibility, weathering, environmental impact, aesthetics, temperature, cost, etc.

7. The Key Elements of Product Design Function . Cost Form Material

8. The following is a list of preliminary criteria for a better mousetrap design. This list would be included in the problem definition statement. • · The design must be low cost. • · The design should be safe, particularly with small children. • · The design should not be detrimental to the environment. • · The design should be aesthetically pleasing. • · The design should be simple to operate, with minimum human effort. • · The design must be disposable (you don't reuse the trap). • · The design should not cause undue pain and suffering for the mouse.

9. Question 1 The final form of a structure is the result of the following factor(s): • The use of the material • The properties of the material • The way the function is achieved. • The cost and availability of the material • All of the above

10. The three most important elements of a design are? Form, Shape, Looks Form, Shape, Size Purpose, Scope, Cost Function, Form, Materials Responsibility, Applicability, Compatibility. Question 2

11. Design… a definition 'Design is the decision making process by which an idea is transformed into an outcome” Design establishes and defines solutions to and pertinent structures for problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems which have previously been solved in a different way ( product or service)

12. Engineering Design is a Process Manpower / Team Work Materials Process Methods / Systematic Machinery / Testing Money / Cost

13. The Need Research Test Generate Solutions Implement Evaluate Solutions & Select

14. The design Process General Information Specific Information Design Process Outcome NO YES Evaluate

15. The five steps used for solving design problems are: 1. Define the problem 2. Gather pertinent information 3. Generate multiple solutions 4. Analyze and select a solution 5. Test and implement the solution

16. Need The Engineering Design Process Define Problem • Need for the product or the service There has to be a need for the product or the service. • Who defines it? Society - Government Market: Customer – Consumer Need for: Transportation, Communication, Health, Education Food-processing, preservation, delivery, Defense, Entertainment, Comfort, Business , … • Define The Need: Once the need has been established, the first step of the engineering process is to define the problem on hand. • BUT, before you define a problem you need to understand it. • Evaluate the project constraints. • Customer Requirements What customer ordered: product or services. (You may have to help your customer define his need) • Translate customer requirements into a workable/ engineering concept. Research Generate many Solutions Select best one Implement & Test

17. Need The Engineering Design Process (cont.) Define Problem • Gather Information (Research)for all “How to” elements. • 10 – 30% of an engineers time can be spend on this step. • It is continuous rather than a one step activity (“Learning Curve” applies) • Applicable engineering principles • Materials, properties. • Tools and equipment, how to operate. • Etc. Research Generate many Solutions Select best one Implement & Test

18. Need The Engineering Design Process (cont.) Define Problem • Brainstorming: An activity designed to generate a lot of ideas/solutions. • Quantity is of importance - design has many solutions • Build on the ideas of others • Focus on Function - No criticism - All ideas are welcome • No limits or boundaries • No hesitation • Sketching : a graphical presentation of an idea Research Generate many solutions Select best one/ Implement Implement & Test JKA_ 2009

19. Need The Engineering Design Process (cont.) Define Problem • Modeling • Functional Performance • Data Analysis • Decision • Analyze failures • Redesign • Utilize alternate solutions Research Generate many solutions Select best one/ Implement Test

20. Example of Engineering Design Work – Hip Implant • With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate. Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

21. Example – Hip Implant • Requirements • mechanical strength (many cycles) • good lubricity • biocompatibility Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

22. Example – Hip Implant Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

23. Solution – Hip Implant • Key Problems to overcome: • fixation agent to hold acetabular cup • cup lubrication material • femoral stem – fixing agent (“glue”) • must avoid any debris in cup • Must hold up in body chemistry • Must be strong yet flexible Acetabular Cup and Liner Ball Femoral Stem

24. REFERENCE 1. Ertas, A., Jones, J. C., The Engineering Design Process, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. 2. Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., Shelnutt, J. W., Creative Problem Solving and Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1999. 3. Sanders, M. S., McCormick, E. J., Human Factors in Engineering and Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1993. 4. Dym, C. L., Little, P., Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, John Wiley, New York, 1999. 5. Hyman, B., Fundamental of Engineering Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998 6-

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