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CS 332: Introduction to AI Class Hour: Section 1: MWF 1:10PM - 2:00PM. Hyer 210

CS 332: Introduction to AI Class Hour: Section 1: MWF 1:10PM - 2:00PM. Hyer 210. A little bit about the instructor. Associate professor at UWW. Graduated from the University of Connecticut (05 Class), Ph.D in Computer Science and Engineering.

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CS 332: Introduction to AI Class Hour: Section 1: MWF 1:10PM - 2:00PM. Hyer 210

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  1. CS 332: Introduction to AI Class Hour: Section 1: MWF 1:10PM - 2:00PM. Hyer210

  2. A little bit about the instructor Associate professor at UWW • Graduated from the University of Connecticut (05 Class), Ph.D in Computer Science and Engineering • Master of Computer Science from UW-Milwaukee (96-99) • Bachelor of Science from Hanoi University of Technology (86-91)

  3. A little bit about the instructor • Research Experience: • AI, User Modeling, Information Retrieval, Decision Theory, Collaborative Filtering, Human Factors • Teaching Experience: • MCS 231, 220, COMPSCI 172, 173, 222, 181, 271, 322, 381 at UWW • Introductory courses at UOP and Devry • TA for Computer Architecture, OO Design, Compiler, Artificial Intelligence

  4. Contact information nguyenh@uww.edu (fastest way to contact me) MG 106 Office Hours: 9am – 10:45am MWF, noon – 1pm W, 9-10am online on skype (Tuesday) or by appointment 262 472 5170

  5. Course Objectives • Given a basic Artificial Intelligence(AI) problem such as search, gaming, planning, machine learning, understand the theory, and implement algorithms being used to solve this problem. • Given a real world problem, be able to identify the parts in which AI techniques can be applied.

  6. Technology Requirement • Either Java Development Kit (JDK) Or C++ (Linux version). • Weka (machine learning): http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ • Genie/Smile (free download for Bayesian networks) from http://genie.sis.pitt.edu/

  7. Book requirement • Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) (Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence). 2009. ISBN: 0136042597

  8. Evaluation

  9. Evaluation

  10. What is Artificial Intelligence?

  11. Main topics • What is AI? • A brief history. • The State of the Art.

  12. What is AI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eq-AHmD8xz0 • Discussion

  13. AI systems are …. • Choose all that best describe AI systems: • Systems that think like humans • Systems that think rationally • Systems that act like humans • Systems that act rationally • Systems that make decisions for humans • Systems that play with humans

  14. Acting humanly • Turing (1950) “Computing machinery and intelligence": Can machines think?“ “Can machines behave intelligently?” Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq0ELhpKevY • Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes

  15. Thinking humanly • 1960s “cognitive revolution": information-processing psychology replaced prevailing orthodoxy of behaviorism. • Requires scientic theories of internal activities of the brain • What level of abstraction? “Knowledge" or “circuits"? • How to validate? Requires • 1) Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down) • or 2) Direct identification from neurological data (bottom-up) • Both share with AI the following characteristic: • the available theories do not explain (or engender) anything resembling human-level general intelligence

  16. Thinking rationally: Laws of Thought • Normative (or prescriptive) rather than descriptive • Direct line through mathematics and philosophy to modern AI • Problems: • 1) Not all intelligent behavior is mediated by logical deliberation • 2) What is the purpose of thinking? What thoughts should I have out of all the thoughts (logical or otherwise) that I could have?

  17. Acting rationally • Rational behavior: doing the right thing (The right thing: that which is expected to maximize goal achievement, given the available information) • Doesn't necessarily involve but thinking should be in the service of rational action

  18. Supporting fields • Philosophy logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system, foundations of learning, language, rationality • Mathematics formal representation and proof algorithms, computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability, probability • Psychology adaptation, phenomena of perception and motor control, experimental techniques (psychophysics, etc.) • Economics formal theory of rational decisions • Linguistics knowledge representation, grammar • Neuroscience plastic physical substrate for mental activity • Control theory homeostatic systems, stability, simple optimal agent designs • Control theory homeostatic systems, stability, simple optimal agent designs

  19. History of AI • 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain • 1950 Turing's “Computing Machinery and Intelligence“ • 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers program, • Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine • 1956 Dartmouth meeting: Articial Intelligence" adopted • 1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning • 1966-74 AI discovers computational complexity • Neural network research almost disappears • 1969-79 Early development of knowledge-based systems • 1980-88 Expert systems industry booms • 1988-93 Expert systems industry busts: \AI Winter" • 1985-95 Neural networks return to popularity • 1988 Resurgence of probability; general increase in technical depth, Nouvelle AI": ALife, GAs, soft computing • 1995: Agents, agents, everywhere : : : • 2003: Human-level AI back on the agenda

  20. State of the art • Which of the following can be done at present? • Play a decent game of table tennis • Drive safely along a curving mountain road • Drive safely through streets of a closed Air Force base • Buy a week's worth of groceries at Berkeley Bowl • Play a decent game of bridge • Discover and prove a new mathematical theorem • Design and execute a research program in molecular biology

  21. State of the art • Which of the following can be done at present? • Play a decent game of table tennis • Drive safely along a curving mountain road • Drive safely through streets of a closed Air Force base • Buy a week's worth of groceries at Berkeley Bowl (a real grocery store) • Play a decent game of bridge • Discover and prove a new mathematical theorem • Design and execute a research program in molecular biology

  22. Discussion • To what extend are the following computer systems instances of artificial intelligence • Supermarket bar code scanners • Web search engines • Voice-activated telephone menus • Internet routing algorithms that respond dynamically to the state of the network

  23. Discussion • “Sure computers cannot be intelligent – they can only do what their programmers tell them.” • Is the latter statement true and does it imply the former?

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