Zambia Accelerating progress in saving women, newborns and children

1. Zambia Accelerating progress in saving women, newborns and children Dr. Joy LawnMB BS MRCP (Paeds) MPH PhD Director Global Evidence and Policy Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children DFID Senior Research Fellow, Newborn Health Countdown Country Working group Co Chair On behalf of the Countdown Coordinating Committee #CD2015

2. Country progress in reducing maternal mortality (MDG5) Bangladesh Bolivia Cambodia China Egypt Eritrea Lao People’s Rep Nepal Vietnam All are African countries Countdown to 2015 report 2012, Figure 1,progress as of 2010

3. Country progress in reducing under-five mortality (MDG4) 28 are African countries All are African countries African Countries Eritrea Liberia Madagascar Malawi Countdown to 2015, report June 2012, Figure 3, progress as of 2010

4. Pregnancy and Postnatal Home Visits Evidence base Increasing, mainly from Asia, Cochrane review Policy change More countries have a policy for mother and newborn home visits Still gap in coverage on continuum of care, and also a data gap And many implementation research questions especially in Africa 2009 Joint Statement by WHO and UNICEF, co-signatories of Save the Children and USAID Lancet paper of the year 2009

5. Who is Countdown? A global movement since 2005 of • Individuals:Scientists & academics, policymakers, public health workers, communications experts, teachers… • Governments: RMNCH policymakers, Parliamentarians… • Organizations: NGOs, UN agencies, HCPAs, donors, medical journals… And from countries • Linked to Global strategy for Women and Children • and Commission on Information and Accountability

6. Zambia’s Countdown profile 2012

7. Mortality and MDG progress

8. Cause of neonatal and child deaths • Leading causes: • Neonatal – 29% • Malaria – 13% • HIV/AIDS – 10% • Pneumonia – 13% • Diarrhoea – 9% • Undernutritionis an underlying cause of child deaths • (note this estimate is country specific for Zambia)

9. Causes of maternal death • Leading causes: • Haemorrhage – 34% • Hypertension – 19% • Understanding the cause of death distribution is important for program development and monitoring • (note this estimate is for Africa, not country specific)

10. Variable coverage along the continuum of care BUT only measles immunisation at high coverage

11. Maternal and newborn health Limited progress for scale up of skilled care at birth – especially compared with neighbours

12. Maternal and newborn health High coverage of ANC 1 – but what about ANC 4 and coverage of effective interventions in ANC?

13. Other maternal and newborn health indicators

14. Review and Mapping of initiatives in Maternal and Newborn Health in Zambia

15. BackgroundMaternal Mortality in Zambia

16. slow progress in trends for births with skilled health personnel (1995 to 2008 with projections to 2015) By 2008 only 13 of 68 Countdown countries had increased skilled attendance by >10% in the last 20 years Rapid change now in many countries Data: UNICEF 2007 (www.childinfo.org) based on a subset of 80 countries with trend data Ref: Lawn JE et al IJGO 2009

17. Equity The narrow bars show Zambia’s relatively equitable coverage found for many coverage indicators with exception of skilled birth attendant, where almost all the richest women have access but only 1 in 5 of the poorest women

18. Continuum of Care

19. Variable coverage along the continuum of care BUT only measles immunisation at high coverage

20. Cause of neonatal and child deaths • Leading causes: • Neonatal – 29% • Malaria – 13% • HIV/AIDS – 10% • Pneumonia – 13% • Diarrhoea – 9% • Undernutritionis an underlying cause of child deaths • (note this estimate is country specific for Zambia)

21. Survey results • 116 completed surveys • Across all districts

24. Vacancy rates

25. Use of Best Practice

26. Source of best practice

27. Partnerships INGOs NGOs/CBOs Number of survey respondents

28. OTHER Donor Sources Other: 27% smaller; 18% of projects from larger INGO such as Plan, Save the Children World Vision or ZISSP; 10% GRZ: MOH or MCDMCH ; 4% by JICA ;3% CDC and 3% PEPFAR; 2% each from UNICEF, EU and ZNAN. B&M Gates foundation; CORDAID; DANIDA; Irish Aid; NZAID. 4 communities and 4 private partners.

29. Monitoring and Evaluation Baseline conducted M&E plan in place

30. Types of interventions based on the continuum of care

34. Focus of training programs

35. Project surveyed continuing after 2012

36. Not all countries are the sameMalawi is on track for MDG 4 NMR reducing at 2% per year, double the regional average Only 5 national paediatricians! More in Health Policy Planning journal supplement Decade of Change for Newborn Survival and in IERG report panel and in Countdown June 2012 report Source: Zimba E et al Malawi: a decade of change, HPP in press Data U5MR from UNICEF www.childmortality.org and Lozano et al Lancet20101 NMR from Oestergaard et al 2011 PLoS, Malawi DHS 1999, 2000, 2004, 2010 and MICS 2006. MDG 4 target from Countdown to 2015, decade report -- 2/3 reduction from 1990 U5MR

37. Changes in skilled birth attendance for Malawi, 1990-2010 Increased by 16% over the last 5 years Multiple approaches both supply and demand > 30% increase in numbers of nurse/midwives Source: Malawi DHS 1992, 2000, 2004, preliminary 2010. Malawi MICS 2006