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Advancing Equity for Children in Cambodia-accelerating progress towards the CMDGs

Advancing Equity for Children in Cambodia-accelerating progress towards the CMDGs. Workshop on Equity in Access to Health Services 14 September 2012 Presented by Dr. Try Tan, Communication for Development Specialist, UNICEF, Cambodia. Outline. 1- Definition: What is equity?

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Advancing Equity for Children in Cambodia-accelerating progress towards the CMDGs

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  1. Advancing Equity for Children in Cambodia-accelerating progress towards the CMDGs Workshop on Equity in Access to Health Services 14 September 2012 Presented by Dr. Try Tan, Communication for Development Specialist, UNICEF, Cambodia

  2. Outline 1- Definition: • What is equity? • Equity vs. Equality? 2- Why equity? 3- Context of equity in Cambodia 4- Key drivers of inequity 5- What are UNICEF doing to address equity? 6- Discussion/questions

  3. Definition • The disparities between population groups that are not driven by biology, are avoidable and unfair are termed inequities. • Equity is therefore based on notions of fairness, impartial and social justice

  4. Difference between EQUITY and EQUALITY What are the following? Equity? Equality? • Poorest 20% of households in Thailand have nearly double the U5MR of the richest 20% (Equity) • Stunting is 16% higher among girls compared with boys (Equity) • Smoking prevalence in India is significantly higher among people living under the poverty line compared with those above poverty line (Equity)

  5. Difference between EQUITY and EQUALITY What are the following? Equity? Equality? • Female newborns have lower birth weight compared with male newborns (Equality) • People aged 60 and above have higher prevalence of coronary heart disease than people aged 25 (Equality)

  6. WHY EQUITY?

  7. An equity-focused approach … accelerates progress towards the health MDGs faster and more cost-effectively additional $1 million invested can save 60% more lives than the current path Source: UNICEF, Narrowing the Gap

  8. What is right in principle is right in practice too:Equity-focused strategy is faster and more cost-effective route to reaching the MDGs COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGIC MODELS (Number of deaths averted per $1 million invested) Source: UNICEF, Narrowing the Gap

  9. Equity also helps to eliminate communicable diseases, e.g. polio…

  10. Context of Equity in Cambodia

  11. Cambodia’s economy is performing well: Size of Asian Economies, GDP growth rates and GDP per capita in PPPs Source: WB, World Development Indicators, 2010

  12. CDHS 2010 DATA RE-CONFIRMS THE SCALE OF INEQUITIES IN THE COUNTRY

  13. HH income too is a significant determinant of inequities :Child Under-nutrition by Household Income(Source: CDHS 2005) Poor Near Poor Middle Near Rich Rich

  14. There are large inequities in key health and nutrition related interventions

  15. ACCESS TO ESSENTIALMATERNAL HEALTH CARE BY WEALTH QUINTILES Poor Near poor Middle Near Rich Rich

  16. Inequities Persist……Urban and Rural poor in Cambodia %

  17. Key drivers of inequity • The recent global economic crisis • The persistent/current /recent rise in food prices(?) • Migration • Urbanization – the plight of the urban poor in Cambodia is particularly vulnerable to the re-rising food prices • Natural disasters • And more …? (needs greater analysis)

  18. What are we doing to address equity? • Equity focus approach programs • All UNICEF program have the obligation to focus on equity as far as possible, addressing the most deprived, hard to reach children

  19. What are we doing to address equity? • Cash Transfer • While Cambodia has made huge progress in improving development indicators, the progress among the poorest is far below the national averages and that is the next biggest challenge for us. There is increasing global evidence to suggest that periodic cash transfers to poor households helps them overcome access challenges resulting in better development outcome for children. • UNICEF is support CARD in partnership with AusAID and WB to design a cash transfer program for piloting and lesson learn.

  20. What are we doing to address equity? • Partnerships • Most partnerships that UNICEF programs support have a strong equity focus: • WB on social protection-cash transfer, • CARE for bilingual education, • HSPP2 for HEF, • Plan International on CLTS, • Commune council for reaching the poorest and the most vulnerable children

  21. What are we doing to address equity? • Monitoring and Evaluation • UNICEF supports the government in monitoring achievement of the CMDGs and regularly advocates with the ministries to monitor results for the most disadvantaged and marginalized populations

  22. Discussion/questions?

  23. THANK YOU!

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