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Malgorzata Zieba, PhD. Institute of Real Estate Market

Culture, Identity and Property Market. Redevelopment of post-industrial district Zablocie in Krakow. Malgorzata Zieba, PhD. Institute of Real Estate Market Department of Real Estate and Investment Economics Krakow University of Economics. Zablocie – old industrial district of Krakow.

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Malgorzata Zieba, PhD. Institute of Real Estate Market

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  1. Culture, Identity and Property Market. Redevelopment of post-industrial district Zablocie in Krakow Malgorzata Zieba, PhD. Institute of Real Estate Market Department of Real Estate and Investment Economics Krakow University of Economics

  2. Zablocie – old industrial district of Krakow Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  3. Research goals and potential application of results Verify impacts of culture for redevelopment of post-industrial areas • according to Evans [2005, Measure for Measure: evaluating the Evidence of Culture’s Contribution to Regeneration, Urban Studies, Vol. 42, Nos 5/6]culture contributes to • Physical regeneration of the area, eg.: changes in land use and building use, design of public space • Economic regeneration, eg.: competitiveness and growth • Social regeneration, eg.: social inclusion, identity, social capital, citizenship • Application of results • Improving the adequacy of local government redevelopment policy instruments • Enhanced knowledge of cultural policy impacts, particularly on local society’s quality of life and local economic development (cultural policy) • Understanding development patterns of local property markets in areas undergoing regeneration Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  4. Research rationale & hypothesis • Vast literature and several studies on the cultural regeneration and its impacts does not give clear answer how it really influences redevelopment, what its impacts on physical, economic and social development are • Problem of measuring the impacts and evaluating the effects has not been yet solved • Polish experience and research in the field of cultural regeneration is very limited – remarkable knowledge gap Hypothesis: Public infrastructural investments, investment facilitation (i.e. zoning map) necessary for redevelopment but cultural regeneration makes the area more human, friendly, attractive, known and positively recognized Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  5. Cultural regeneration of Zablocie • According to Colomb [2011], the term „cultural regeneration”means that cultural activities, infrastructure and events, are integrated into an area regeneration strategy alongside other environmental, social and economic acitivities • Claire Colomb, 2011: Culture in the city, culture for the city? The political construction of the trickle-down in cultural regeneration strategies in Roubaix, France; Town Planning Review, vol. 82(1)2011. • Regeneration of Zablocie, follows the global trend in the reshaping of urban economies and urban regeneration based on cultural and creative industries Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  6. Theoretical debate over the role of culture in urban regeneration • Evans, G. [2005, 2004]: measuring impacts of cultural activities on urban regeneration, • Wansborough, Mageean [2000]: culture of great importance for local economic development and city marketing; significance of urban design for urban regeneration • Garcia [2004]: cultural regeneration the result of emerging notion of culture as an economic asset; cultural consumption & cultural production; sustainability of cultural investments’ results; social aspect • Colomb [2011]: significance of cultural investments for urban regeneration, urban competitiveness due to support for creative industries; limited and not fully recognized impact on social inclusion processes • Francesca et al. [2010] high value added of cultural sectors in times of global restructing of economies and industries; evaluating the culture-led regeneration • Bailey, Miles, and Stark [2004]: „overriding assumption that culture-led regeneration has a trickle-down effect insofar as it enhances the quality of life of the wider community”. They concentrate on the strengthening of pre-existing sense of identity due to cultural investments and see it as major role of culture-led regeneration • Sepe, Di Trapani [2010]: culture and creative industries as reflection of changing urban renewal policies that include identity, and social aspects more and more („cities are not just buildings and material structures, but also persons, networsk and intangible elements such as memory, history, social relationships, emotional experiences and cultural identities”) Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  7. creative industries city competitiveness Production and consumption of culture Neglected Areas Regeneration Culture Cultural regeneration Physical and spatial renewal City brand Economic Revival Social inclusion Local identity Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  8. Research methods • analysis of market data on property market: transaction prices and commercial investments • questionnaire (internet survey) among residents of the area, local businessmen, and other members of local society – not completed yet • In-depth structured interviews with major investors and local government officials (strategy, culture) – not completed yet • general public opinion on Zablocie: analysis of internet discussion platforms, local newspapers, students’ opinion on Zablocie – partly completed • on-site observation, regular, twice a year photographic documentation of changes and developments since 2006 • analysis of secondary sources of information: local government strategic documents, investment reports, local legal acts; Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  9. Identified disadvantaged areas in Krakow (2006) • Old Town, Kazimierz: historic, mix-use, centre of contemporaty metropolis • Old Podgorze, Zablocie: post-industrial and residential, historic • Zakrzowek&Debniki • Krowodrza: residential, post-industrial (old transporta railway routes and stations) • Old Nowa Huta: residential, historic, post-socialist town • Plaszow: post-industrial, railway • Lagiewniki: post-industrial • Nowa Huta East: surroundings of steel work Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  10. Urban regeneration areas in Krakow 2012 • existing Local Urban Regeneration Programs: • Krakow Zablocie (2006) • Krakow Old Town with Jewish District Kazimierz and Old Podgorze (2008) • Krakow ‘old’ Nowa Huta (2008) 2 3 1 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  11. Regeneration of post-industrial district Zablocie – programming and legal framework Strategic development documents of the City: • Study of Spatial Development Conditions and Directions (2003) • Urban Regeneration Program for Krakow (2005) • Development Strategy for Krakow (2005) • Long-term Investment Plans for Krakow • Local Zoning Plans • Malopolski Regional Operational Program 2007-2013 • Local Regeneration Program for Zablocie: 2006, modified and updated in 2010 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  12. Regeneration area Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  13. Old Town - city centre Zablocie Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  14. Zablocie: functional division and diversification in Local Zoning Plan A: Old residential areas, historic, CBH B: Post-industrial area, commercial and housing developments, historic monuments, culture, education. Strategic area C: Post-industrial area, least developed, mostly mono-functional, commercial Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  15. Zablocie – some features of the area Source: Local urban regeneration programme for Zablocie, December 2008 updated version, City Council, Krakow Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  16. Zablocie – goals of the urban regeneration programme • Economic: stimulation of economic development • Social: activation, participation • Spatial: • spatial organization, • protection of natural resources and cultural heritage, • organization of built environment Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  17. Transport – public investments • new Kotlarski Bridge (completed and ready to use on 8th December 2001) • new connection between southern districts of Podgorze and Zablocie with Krakow inner city, northern and eastern districts • part of the strategic transport route Central Route, connecting eastern and northerndistricts of Krakow with southerndistricts and intercity roads (A4 • cost 132.7 million PLN (circa €33million) • 2 tram routes, 2-lane streetsplus safety lanes,bicycle lanes, pedestrian walks. Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  18. Transport – public investments • City transit road: Herlinga-Grudzinskiego Street (with Kotlarski Bridge its a part of Central Route), 4-lane road with parallel tram lanes Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  19. Transport – public investments • City Fast Tram Line and several ‘regular’ tram lines along Herlinga-Grudzinskiego, providing public transportation for new housing developments south of Zablocie and for Zablocie itself Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  20. Cultural Investments in Zablocie • Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK • Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory • Plac Bohaterow Getta (Square of Ghetto Heroes) • Museum Cricoteka (Taduesz Kantor artwork and art heritage museum) – under construction Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  21. MOCAK • 2004: Idea of museum of modern art emerged • 2005: • City of Krakow purchases premises of former Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory – future location of MOCAK and Historical Museum • Ministry of Culture and President of Krakow signed agreement on financing the investment • 2007: architectural project of MOCAK accepted • 2009: construction starts: adaptation of 6 old buildings and construction of one entirely new • Mai 2011: official opening of MOCAK • Total cost of investment: PLN 70 Million (ca. €17.5Million) • Exhibition area: 10 000 square meters • Most important public cultural institution contend with modern art in Krakow Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  22. Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory • 2002: industrial activities in the premises of the old Enamel Factory ceased • 2005: • City of Krakow purchased premises of former Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory – future location of MOCAK and Historical Museum (Enamel Factory) • 2007: • Former administrative building of the Schindler’s factory became the seat of a new branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków • autumn 2008: • part of the exibition opened: temporary short exibition on the history of place • June 2010: • Official opening of the permanent exhibition presenting the history of Kraków and its residents under Nazi German occupation (1939–1945) • Member of International Coalition of Sites of Conscience • Part of the Krakow Memory Route Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  23. Former Enamel Factory premises in 2005 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  24. Former Enamel Factory premises in 2009 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  25. Enamel Factory premises in 2009 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  26. Enamel Factory premises in 2009 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  27. Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in 2012 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  28. Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in 2012 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  29. Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  30. Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  31. Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  32. Diamante Plaza – office building • first modern office building in Zablocie • completed in 2009 • Spanish developer Aldesa • A-class offices • ca. 10 000 square meters of office space • Construction cost estimated at ca. PLN 60-70 million Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  33. Diamante Plaza – office building Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  34. Garden Residence - housing • first new residential project in Zablocie • Alpha Development (Greek developer) • completed in 2010 • 451 apartments, 512 parking sites • Site area: 2,52 hectares • PLN 7 000 – 11 000 / sqm • premises of former cosmetics factory Miraculum • estimated cost ca. PLN 100 000 000 Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  35. Mlyn Lofts – luxury housing • unique in Krakow project of adaptation of post-industrial building (mill) into housing – lofts • Polish developer Krakow Lofts • 6-storey building, 57 apartments • 2007 – 2009 adaptation and completion • Ca. PLN 15 000 / square meter Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  36. Mlyn Lofts – luxury housing, neighbouring old factory Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  37. Mlyn Lofts – under construction Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  38. College of Krakowska Akademia • Constructed 2004 – 2008 • Private college • premises ca. 2 hectares • Constructed in 3 stages Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  39. Vistula River Boulevards – green areas Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  40. Vistula River – developments on the other side Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  41. Zablocie: old and still industrial Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  42. Zablocie: old and still industrial Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  43. Zablocie: old and still industrial Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  44. Zablocie: old and still industrial Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  45. Public investments: Kotlarski Bridge Herlinga Road MOCAK Schindler’s Factory Tram Line Square of Ghetto Heroes ca. PLN 300 million 2001-2010 Private investments: Office projects (Diamante Plaza and other under construction: Enterprise Park) Garden Residence Mlyn Lofts Przemyslowa 15 Apartments Krakowska Akademia Ca. 500 million 2004 - 2011 Zablocie – multiplier effect of public investments Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  46. Notion, recognition of the district – preliminary results of the researchSurvey among students of real estate and spatial economy • 52 responses • Students as focus group „general public”: assumption that studying real estate and spatial economy makes them more knowledgeable of local development programs and problems, strategic for development areas, investments etc. • Students at bachelor, master and postgraduate level • Most of them under 30 years (72%) • 36% of them for the first time ever heard on Zablocie during lectures and site-trip. • 46% of students lives in Krakow • They were asked about their opinion on Zablocie (open questions), on important investments for the development, on their knowledge of cultural and tourist attractions, on the factors of Zablocie attractiveness as a place to live and/or work; Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  47. Do you think Zablocie is an attractive district? Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  48. What factors, make Zablocie attractive district? Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  49. Which investments (private, commercial, of Local Government) enhanced attractiveness and recognition of Zablocie? Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

  50. Which cultural institutions, tourist attractions of Zablocie you know? Dr Małgorzata Zieba ziebam@uek.krakow.pl

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