CHAPTER 25 Epilepsy

1. CHAPTER 25Epilepsy • JUANITA (Case Study) • WHAT IS EPILEPSY AND WHAT IS A SEIZURE? • What Causes Seizures? • Brain Development and the Origins of Epilepsy • Neuronal Transmission and Seizures • Do Seizures Hurt the Brain? • CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY SYNDROMES • Seizure Types • Seizures with Primarily Altered Consciousness • Simple and Complex Partial Seizures • Seizures with Prominent Motor Manifestations • Status Epilepticus • Febrile Seizures • Benign Neonatal Convulsions • Epilepsy Syndromes • Benign Partial Seizures • Infantile Spasms and Other Myoclonic Epilepsy Syndromes • Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy • Atypical Absence Epilepsy Syndromes

2. Childhood Epileptic Degenerations with Prominent Nocturnal Electroencephalographic Abnormality • Conditions that Mimic Epilepsy • Sleep Disorders • Movement Disorders • Behavior Disorders • Syncopal Episodes • Migraines • Other Systemic Disorders • Pseudoseizures (Psychogenic Seizures) • DIAGNOSING SEIZURE DISORDERS • Electroencephalogram • Brain Imaging Techniques • INTERVENTION DURING A SEIZURE • ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS • How Antiepileptic Drugs Work • The Advantages of Monotherapy • Choosing an Antiepileptic Drug • Availability of New Antiepileptic Drugs

3. Side Effects • Concern About Learning Impairments • Effects on Other Body Systems • Allergic Responses • Learning About Side Effects • Determining Dosage • Monitoring Drug Therapy • Deciding When Drug Therapy Should Be Started • Deciding When Drug Therapy Can Be Stopped • OTHER ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPIES • Ketogenic Diet • Surgical Interventions • Nonspecific Interventions • Vitamins and Minerals • Alternative Medicine • Future Therapeutic Approaches • MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION • Educational Programs

4. Psychosocial Issues • Advocacy • OUTCOME • What Are the Chances of Outgrowing Epilepsy? • SUMMARY