Chapter 38

1. Chapter 38 Sensation, Perception, and Cognition

2. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Sensation • Ability to receive and process stimuli received through sensory organs • Perception • Ability to experience, recognize, organize, and interpret sensory stimuli (continued)

3. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Sensory perception • Ability to receive sensory impressions, relate stimuli to past experiences, and form impression of nature of stimulus • Involves cranial and peripheral nerves • Cognition • Intellectual ability to think (continued)

4. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Neurological functions • Nervous system • Central • Peripheral (continued)

5. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Components of sensation and perception: • Afferent nerve pathways • Efferent nerve pathways (continued)

6. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Components of cognition: • Consciousness • Arousal and awareness • Memory • Affect • Judgment • Perception • Language

7. Factors Affecting Sensation, Perception, and Cognition • Age • Environment • Lifestyle • Stress • Health status • Medications

8. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations • Sensory deficits • Change in perception of sensory stimuli • Affects all five senses (continued)

9. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations • Sensory deprivation • Inability to concentrate • Poor memory • Impaired problem-solving ability • Confusion • Irritability • Mood swings (continued)

10. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations • Sensory deprivation • Depression • Boredom and apathy • Drowsiness • Hallucinations (continued)

11. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations • Sensory overload • Anxiety • Restlessness • Irritability • Disorientation • Insomnia • Fatigue • Impaired problem-solving ability

12. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Health history • Usual level of functioning • Current sensory problems • Potential alterations • Physical examination • Cranial nerves (continued)

13. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Mental status assessment • Levels of consciousness • Functional abilities • ADLs • Environment • Health care facility • Client’s home (continued)

14. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Diagnosis • NANDA statements • Disturbed sensory perception • Disturbed thought processes • Social isolation • Risk for injury (continued)

15. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Planning and outcome identification • Remain safe and free from injury • Remain oriented to time, place, person, and situation • Possess intact, functioning senses • Perform self-care activities (continued)

16. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Managing sensory deficits • Tactile alterations • Hearing deficit or loss • Visual impairment • Managing sensory deprivation • Managing sensory overload • Assisting confused client (continued)

17. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Caring for unconscious client • Using restraints • Employing complementary and alternative therapies • Herbals • Aromatherapy (continued)

18. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process • Evaluation • Determine client’s need for continued assistance • Long-term care • Home care • Ongoing process