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History of Canada

History of Canada. The First Nations. Native peoples of Canada Came from Asia 12,000 years ago Crossed Bering Land Bridge that joined Russia to Alaska 12 tribes made up the First Nations. Inuit. One of the First Nation tribes Still live in Canada today

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History of Canada

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  1. History of Canada

  2. The First Nations • Native peoples of Canada • Came from Asia 12,000 years ago • Crossed Bering Land Bridge that joined Russia to Alaska • 12 tribes made up the First Nations

  3. Inuit One of the First Nation tribes Still live in Canada today Canada’s government gave the Inuit the Nunavut Territory in northeast Canada.

  4. The Europeans in Canada… • First explorers to settle Canada were Norse invaders from the Scandinavian Peninsula • In 1000 CE, they built a town on the northeast coast of Canada & established a trading relationship with the Inuit • The Norse deserted the settlement for unknown reasons • Europeans did not return to Canada until almost 500 years later…

  5. A Viking Ship

  6. England Claims Newfoundland • 1497: Italian explorer John Cabot, sailed to Canada’s east coast • Cabot claimed an area of land for England (his sponsor) & named it Newfoundland

  7. John Cabot

  8. New France • 1534: Jacques Cartiersailed up the St. Lawrence River. • Claimed the land for France. • French colonists named the area New France

  9. New France (Quebec) 1608: Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in Quebec Population grew slowly Many people moved inland to trap animals—hats made of beaver fur were in high demand in Europe

  10. Samuel de Champlain

  11. New France (Quebec) • European fur traders were joined by French farmers, merchants, and missionaries from the Catholic Church • Brought with them French laws, traditions, & religion • France wouldn’t let anyone move to New France who was not Catholic

  12. The British in Canada… • British colonized region south of New France • Saw New France’s success in fur trapping & wanted to take control of the fur trade

  13. French and Indian War (1754) 1754: Led to the French and Indian War where Great Britain fought for control of Canadian territory & the fur trade and conquered Quebec. Great Britain and Iroquois Indians versus France and Huron Indians.

  14. Treaty of Paris (1763) • Gave British control of all lands east of the Mississippi River, except for 2 islands off of Newfoundland • British forced Nova Scotia’s French-speaking people to leave • Nova Scotia’s French went to another French colony, Louisiana—descendants of these people are the Cajuns

  15. Quebec Act--1774 British allowed French to stay in Quebec, but continued to control the region Quebec Act guaranteed the French the right to maintain their culture (language, religion, traditions)

  16. Quebec Act’s Results Gave French Canadians in Quebec the right to continue practicing the Catholic religion & and allowed French civil law Loyalists were irritated with the new political & cultural power of the French Could not own land or have representation in Quebec’s government The differences among the two groups eventually led to a re-division of the country…

  17. Division of Canada Most English speaking citizens lived in Upper Canada (Ontario) Most French speaking citizens lived in Lower Canada (Quebec)

  18. American Revolution • 1776—Americans gained independence from Great Britain • This initiated a huge cultural change in Canada • Americans who did not believe in independence left America and moved to Quebec • These people were called “Loyalists” because they were loyal to Great Britain • Result—Quebec began to have people who spoke English as well as French

  19. The Dominion of Canada • In 1867 the British united the French and English territories into one nation known as the Dominion of Canada. • As a dominion, Canada had its own government to run local law, while the British controlled Canada’s relations with other countries.

  20. Canada 1886

  21. Canada Today • Government: Parliamentary Democracy • Leader: Prime Minister • Language: Bi-lingual • French and English are both official languages • Ethnically Diverse • Freedom of Religion • Huge fans of outdoor sports

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