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Types of Microorganisms

Types of Microorganisms. Figure 1.1. Figure 1.1a. Figure 1.1b. Figure 1.1c. Figure 1.1d. Figure 1.1e. Figure 1.2. Figure 1.4. * The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 1901* von Behring Diphtheria antitoxin 1902 Ross Malaria transmission 1905 Koch TB bacterium

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Types of Microorganisms

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  1. Types of Microorganisms Figure 1.1

  2. Figure 1.1a

  3. Figure 1.1b

  4. Figure 1.1c

  5. Figure 1.1d

  6. Figure 1.1e

  7. Figure 1.2

  8. Figure 1.4

  9. * The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 1901* von Behring Diphtheria antitoxin 1902 Ross Malaria transmission 1905 Koch TB bacterium 1908 Metchnikoff Phagocytes 1945 Fleming, Chain, Florey Penicillin 1952 Waksman Streptomycin 1969 Delbrück, Hershey, Luria Viral replication 1987 Antibody genetics 1997 Prusiner Prions 2005 Marshall & Warren H. pylori & ulcers Nobel Prizes for Microbiology Research

  10. Spontaneous generation: The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter; a “vital force” forms life Biogenesis: The hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life The Debate over Spontaneous Generation

  11. 1668: Francesco Redi filled 6 jars with decaying meat Evidence Pro and Con

  12. 1745: John Needham put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks Evidence Pro and Con

  13. 1765: Lazzaro Spallanzani boiled nutrient solutions in flasks Evidence Pro and Con

  14. 1861: Louis Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air Evidence Pro and Con

  15. Figure 1.3

  16. 1857–1914 Beginning with Pasteur’s work, discoveries included the relationship between microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs The Golden Age of Microbiology

  17. Pasteur showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation Fermentation is the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine Microbial growth is also responsible for spoilage of food Bacteria that use alcohol and produce acetic acid spoil wine by turning it to vinegar (acetic acid) Fermentation and Pasteurization

  18. Pasteur demonstrated that these spoilage bacteria could be killed by heat that was not hot enough to evaporate the alcohol in wine Pasteurization is the application of a high heat for a short time Fermentation and Pasteurization Figure 1.4

  19. 1876: Robert Koch proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps, Koch’s postulates, to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease The Germ Theory of Disease Figure 1.4

  20. Slide 2 Figure 14.3: Foundation Figure: Koch’s Postulates Microorganisms are isolated from a diseased or dead animal. 1

  21. Slide 3 The microorganisms are grown in pure culture. 2a Colony Figure 14.3: Foundation Figure: Koch’s Postulates Microorganisms are isolated from a diseased or dead animal. 1 2b The microorganisms are identified.

  22. Slide 4 The microorganisms are grown in pure culture. 2a Colony Figure 14.3: Foundation Figure: Koch’s Postulates The microorganisms are injected into a healthy laboratory animal. 3 Microorganisms are isolated from a diseased or dead animal. 1 2b The microorganisms are identified.

  23. Slide 5 The microorganisms are grown in pure culture. 2a Colony Figure 14.3: Foundation Figure: Koch’s Postulates The microorganisms are injected into a healthy laboratory animal. 3 Microorganisms are isolated from a diseased or dead animal. 1 The disease is reproduced in a laboratory animal; microorganisms are isolated from this animal. 4 2b The microorganisms are identified.

  24. Slide 1 The microorganisms are grown in pure culture. 2a Colony Figure 14.3: Foundation Figure: Koch’s Postulates The microorganisms are injected into a healthy laboratory animal. 3 Microorganisms are isolated from a diseased or dead animal. 1 The disease is reproduced in a laboratory animal; microorganisms are isolated from this animal. 4 2b The microorganisms are identified. Identical microorganisms are identified. The microorganisms are grown in pure culture. 5b 5a

  25. Figure 1.5

  26. Figure 1.7

  27. Figure 1.8

  28. Causes fever, hemorrhaging, and blood clotting First identified near Ebola River, Congo Outbreaks every few years Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Figure 23.21

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