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From an Extractive to a Beneficiation Economy: The Vital Role of Water Parliamentary Round Table Discussion Cape Town 3

From an Extractive to a Beneficiation Economy: The Vital Role of Water Parliamentary Round Table Discussion Cape Town 30 March 2010. Prof. Anthony Turton Director: TouchStone Resources (Pty) Ltd Vice President: International Water Resource Association bronwyn@speakersinc.co.za

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From an Extractive to a Beneficiation Economy: The Vital Role of Water Parliamentary Round Table Discussion Cape Town 3

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  1. From an Extractive to a Beneficiation Economy: The Vital Role of WaterParliamentary Round Table DiscussionCape Town30 March 2010 Prof. Anthony Turton Director: TouchStone Resources (Pty) Ltd Vice President: International Water Resource Association bronwyn@speakersinc.co.za www.anthonyturton.com © AR Turton, 2010.

  2. World Water Scarcity 1990 Water scarcity is related to population growth as much as it is related to environmental factors

  3. World Water Scarcity 2020 Note the Cuvelai and the Limpopo River Basin’s both pass into extreme stress because of population growth

  4. World Water Scarcity 2050 Note the Orange River Basin now joins the Limpopo as extremely stressed systems

  5. World Water Scarcity 2070 At this stage the most economically active portion of Southern Africa resembles the Middle East North Africa

  6. Off-Balance Sheet Items Value Mine Closure Remediation Cost Externalized Costs Revenue V2 Dev Cost Profit V1 Balance Sheet Items Magnitude at Closure Time T1 T2 The Externalization of Costs Model Our national economic growth has been driven by an externalized cost model and this can no longer be sustained © Adler et al., 2007

  7. Value Time Changing Economic Paradigms We need considerable Thought Leadership and the support of the Private Sector, Government and the Trades Union to make this transition. NewEconomic Model: Developmental State? Human Capacity Energy Capacity Water Capacity Opening the debate on the possible role of Social Entrepreneurship – a fusion of capitalism (with a a small “c”) and socialism (with a small “s”). Externalized Cost Economic Model: Apartheid State

  8. Fact # 1: Our coal deposits coincide with our best agricultural land and this means our energy addiction to coal is destroying our national agricultural capacity because of AMD. Fact # 2: Acid rain causes pollen tube deformation in maize by mobilizing aluminium and thus threatens our national food security. (Google “aluminium toxicity maize” for more info).

  9. T = Acidic atmospheric deposits G = Groundwater contamination - fluoride and/or nitrate U = Urban / industrial effluent – pathogens + nutrients + organics A = Agricultural chemicals E A E = Excessive sediment A M = Metals (mining) E A G R = Radioactivity A M U A S = Salinity Orange-Senqu U A U M A Limpopo U S M M A Incomati T A U U R M S A Maputo E A A M G E A U U E U G R E Key N Shared river basin 500 km Episodic river © P.J. Ashton Quality Problems in Shared Basins

  10. Acid Mine Drainage in Gauteng Vertical Shaft Surface strata The volume of the mine void under the Witwatersrand is equal to 5 times the volume of Lake Kariba – with no evaporative loss – with new thinking and political will this can become a major source of New Water Dolomites Ore-bearing strata Reverse Osmosis is a robust technology that has been proven in eMalahleni Workings Safety drive Having this as strategic storage enables new Dam Operating Rules to be applied with national benefits Eastern Basin Central Basin Western Basin Dyke Dyke

  11. 80 60 40 20 2025 2015 2035 1995 1985 1975 1965 2005 Q x F = Y Q = volume of water available at national level at a high assurance of supply Y = volume of water needed at national level at a high assurance of supply to sustain the economy F = Flux value of water Flux value of water = 1.7 38 x 1.7 = 64.6 Highest water use estimate Lowest water use estimate Total surface + groundwater resources (accessible with new technology) Total surface resources (existing technology) Water Demand (109m3yr1)(billion m³/yr¹) 38 x .8 = 30.4 This is our problem Years Source: Pete Ashton, CSIR Science Scope (3)1 (2008:19)

  12. Water is a Flux Hydrological & Ecological System As water demand exceeds the natural supply of rainfall, the majority of the national resource will start to become dependent on urban runoff – hence the need to prioritize return flow management (sewage, AMD, industrial effluent). Recycling will become the hydrological foundation of our national economy and future growth will depend on this. Municipal Potable Water System Rainfall (natural) and Return Flow (engineered) component of the Resource Reticulated potable water needed to sustain socioeconomic activities Waste water draining the economy known as the Return Flow Water in rivers and dams known as the Resource Strategic Storage System Municipal Waste Water System National Government Jurisdiction Local Government Jurisdiction

  13. Thank You Water is a Flux This is the solution for Economic Growth

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