Wildlife Underpasses

1. Wildlife Underpasses • Effectiveness • Specifications • Surrounding Terrain • Implementation • Cost • Maintenance

2. Effectiveness 87 percent (average) when used in combination with large-mammal fencing

3. Specifications . Dimensions of the three different types of crossing structures. 4

6. 4

7. Surrounding Terrain Roadway is relatively higher than the surrounding terrain • The roadbed does not have to be : • raised • the approaches lowered • reduces the overall excavation

8. It is advisable: To allow animals to see to the other side Avoid flooding of underpasses and the associated soil erosion

9. Wildlife fencingalongside the road corridor typically ties into the wing walls of the underpass or the structure itself ( above for smaller culverts) Noise and light disturbancefrom the road need to be minimized (e.g., employing sound-attenuating walls above the entrances).

10. Impementation

12. At-Grade Animal “Sidewalks”

13. At-Grade Animal “Sidewalks”

14. Costs

15. Costs

16. Maintenance