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Lecture 15 – Next steps. The Higgs boson Review of the Standard Model Problems of the Standard Model Proposed Solutions. The Standard Model. The Higgs boson. How do we look for the Higgs ? . Production mechanism. Dominant decay. b. b. b. Have we already found it ?.
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FK7003 Lecture 15 – Next steps • The Higgs boson • Review of the Standard Model • Problems of the Standard Model • Proposed Solutions
FK7003 The Standard Model
FK7003 The Higgs boson
FK7003 How do we look for the Higgs ? Production mechanism Dominant decay b b b
FK7003 Have we already found it ? Lots of excitement around 2000/2001 as LEP reached the end of its life.
FK7003 Observation of a Higgs ? An excess of events was seen at mass 115 GeV but reanalysis of data and rigorous statistical calculation of significance means it is impossible (and stupid) to conclude a Higgs was seen. Lower mass limitMH > 113.5 GeV (15.02)
FK7003 Been here before - top quark non-discovery… • 1984 CERN • UA1 experiment • pp (630 GeV cm energy) • Something they would rather forget
FK7003 Race for the Higgs
FK7003 Where is the Higgs ?
How good is the Standard Model ? * The focus of the rest of this lecture FK7003
FK7003 Speculation strategy
FK7003 How well can we localise a particle ?
FK7003 Compton Wavelength
FK7003 Gravity
FK7003 Question
FK7003 Other possible energy scales 1/coupling Electromagnetic E measurements Weak GUT scale Strong Log(Momentum transfer, Q(GeV) )
FK7003 Speculation strategy
FK7003 Problems of the Standard Model
FK7003 Supersymmetry (15.07)
FK7003 Why look for SUSY ? Standard Model Standard Model+SUSY 1/coupling 1/coupling Electromagnetic E Electromagnetic Weak Weak Strong Strong Log(Momentum transfer, Q(GeV) ) Log(Momentum transfer, Q(GeV) )
FK7003 Grand Unified Theories
FK7003 Extra spatial dimensions
FK7003 Micro Black Holes at the LHC
FK7003 Electric charge quantisation
Maxwell’s equations FK7003
FK7003 Monopoles and charge quantisation z P qm q d qe x
FK7003 Q
FK7003 Dirac’s quantisation condition z P qm q d qe x
FK7003 Speculation strategy
FK7003 So how close are we to a unified theory of all the forces ?
FK7003 Summary • Higgs discovery would be confirmation of the Standard Model • Standard Model is incomplete • A range of proposed solutions exist which postulate the existence of ”new” particles which could be ”around the corner” at LHC energies.