Sustainable Energy Solutions for Rural Development | Empowering Communities

1. WORKING FOR ENERGYPRESENTATION David K Mahuma19 April 2012

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKING FOR ENERGY PROGRAMME-ENERGY PROVISION • Energy Provision from a diversity of renewable energy sources; • Improvement of the quality of life of the beneficiary households/communities; • Contribution towards Green Job Creation; • Skills Development in the new and renewable energy space; • Community enterprise development; • Climate change mitigation; and • Research into sustainable new and renewable energy options.

3. STRATEGIC OUTPUTS OF THE WORKING FOR ENERGY PROGRAMME • Demonstrated increase in employment levels within participating communities. • Create 400 new full time employment opportunities and 120 000 person days of temporary employment during the five years until 2017 and hence contribute 0.01% (equivalent to 500 new jobs) towards the 5 million new jobs by 2020 as targeted by the new growth path. • Rural clean energy production and provision • Establish clean energy and electricity production and supply facilities equivalent to 5MWp and 25 GWh/a within (rural) communities by 2017 with all associated economic, social and sustainability benefits. • Demonstrated Energy Management opportunities • Develop and demonstrate the rural application of energy efficiency technologies to deliver energy savings of 0.5 MW and 1.5 GWh/a by 2017 with all associated economic and environmental benefits (refer equation A, term 1, Section 8 of this plan).

4. WORKING FOR ENERGY: ENERGY PROVISION • Biomass to energy from invasive alien plants and bush encroachment; • Charcoal derived in an environmentally friendly manner from invasive alien plants and grasses; • Biogas to energy for rural and non-municipal commercial application derived from agricultural waste • Mini-grid hybrid and smart grid systems fed from renewable based electricity supplies; • Mini hydro systems and run of river schemes; • Waste to energy from municipal solid waste or sewage treatment; • Alternative fuel sources for low cost housing, space heating, cooking and water heating.

5. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE OF THE WORKING FOR WATER PROGRAMME • The Working for Energy Programme was launched in 2009 • Like its better-known sister programmes, Working for Water and Working on Fire, the Programme aims to create jobs and skills through localised projects. • However, the Programme is still in a phase of systems and technologies proofing, it is seen as a pioneer in a move away from the current centralised approach to energy provision that makes access to energy particularly difficult and costly in rural areas and for low-income households. • The Programmme aims to help communities to participate directly in securing modern energy services, using locally available resources and appropriate technologies. The programmer’s current focal point is the provision of renewable energy through:

6. BIOMASS FROM INVASIVE SPECIES • Biomass waste, derived from wood, pulp and paper industry waste, agricultural residue, alien vegetation clearance, plan can be pelletised and converted into a clean, no smoking and low emission solid biofuel with a calorific value between 28 and 30 MJ/kg including wood gas through a gasification process. • Biomass waste sources consist of: • • Veldt grass from rural areas with a rainfall of more than 450 mm per annum; • Concentrated biomass at municipal refuse tip sites, municipal water care works (sewage sludge), saw mills, sugar refineries and agro-processing sites; • • Forestry areas for unwanted growth clearing and fire lanes; • • Road reserves; • • Invader plants/species; and • • Ordinary agricultural harvest waste.

7. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT • Sustainable job creation and poverty eradication in rural areas and a decrease in the urge for urbanisation; • - Creation of new wealth from waste, grass and invader species; • - Reduction of pollution and minimising health risks by replacing D-grade coal; • - Establishment of a new branch in the energy sector which is not marred with vested interests and is community based; • - Sustainable daylight extension for poor households; • - Reduction on household expenditure for energy needs; and • - Promotion of gender equality in the energy sector • Job creation.

8. ANAEROBIC (WITHOUT OXYGEN) DIGESTION • Environmentally related legislation on solid waste disposal methods has increased the application of anaerobic digestion as a process for reducing waste volumes and generating useful by-products. • Anaerobic digestion may either be used to process the source separated fraction of municipal waste or alternatively combined with mechanical sorting systems, to process residual mixed municipal waste • Utilising anaerobic digestion technologies can help to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses in a number of key ways: • Replacement of fossil fuels • Reducing or eliminating the energy footprint of waste treatment plants • Reducing methane emission from landfills • Displacing industrially produced chemical fertilizers • Reducing vehicle movements • Reducing electricity grid transmission losses

9. WFE BELA-BELA PROJECT PHASE 2 • Project Background • Humphries Boerdery is a large-scale commercial pig farm. The piggery at Humphries Boerdery has approximately 1 000 breeding sows and can accommodate up to 15 000 animals. • The aim of the project is to utilize the gas produced for electricity and thermal benefits and to showcase responsible and potentially profitable, waste management with energy recovery, and is leading the way for other bio-gas projects in Southern Africa. • Project Location – Bela-Bela, Limpopo • Project Partners • Working for Energy Programme • Department of Energy • South African National Energy Research Institute • Humphries Boerdery • Cape Advanced Engineering

10. BIO-WASTE TO PIPED BIOGAS AND ELECTRICITY BELA-BELA PROJECT

11. BIO-WASTE TO PORTABLE BIOGASPHILLIPI PROJECT

12. BIOGAS CLUSTER PROJECTSWASTE TO BIOGAS (FORT COX COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE, MELANI VILLAGE-EASTERN CAPE PROJECT)

13. WFE BIO-ENERGY CLUSTER PROJECT • PROJECT BACKGROUND • The objective of the project was to demonstrate the rural application of Biogas in the Eastern and Western Case as a means to the provision of affordable, sustainable and clean energy for rural and peri-urban communities. The project was also aimed at demonstrating that rural application of biomass can create jobs, transfer skills and create local economic empowerment. • Project Location • Phillipi, Schaapkraal . Cape Town • Bulungula. Eastern Cape • Fort Cox Department of Agriculture • University of Fort Hare • Project Partners • Working for Energy Programme, Department of Energy, SANERI, Silver Solution • LESSONS LEARNED • Consider smaller cheaper bio-digester applications for domestic applications. • Consider self help structures for sustainability • NEXT PHASE • Enhance the efficiency of the Bio-energy cluster projects

14. PROPOSED GREENING ROBBEN ISLAND PROJECT Renewable Energy Conversion Project Energy Efficiency & Solar Power & LPG for transport services Biogas from vegetation & household waste Project developed as a public / private partnership. SAVINGS OF DIESEL = R450K month Wind and Wave Energy Retro-fit of Solar Water Heating Retro-fit buildings with EE Technology 2 x Concentrated Solar Plant Reduced dependency on diesel generators

15. OUTPUTS OF THE PROJECTS • OUTPUTS • Reduced dependency on diesel powered generation and carbon footprint; • Reduced operational cost; • Improved energy supply reliability through diversity of integrated energy sources; • On site improved waste management • On site improved environment management and greenhouse gas emission reduction; • Proven concept of renewable hybrid power in minigrid systems; • CHALLENGES • Still awaiting RIM Council Resolution to Proceed with Feasibility Study.

16. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKING FOR ENERGY PROGRAMME- DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT • Energy management planning and development of methodologies and frameworks for social facilities, homes and SMME businesses, including solar passive design; • Thermal efficiency and energy management frameworks for the development and installation of biomass ceilings and other renewable insulation materials in poor or rural households, subject to SABS approval; • Energy management planning and methodology framework for the provision of energy and water saving technologies, water loss management and leakage monitoring and control. • Research studies for energy poverty eradication, sustainable feedstock provisions and alternative fuel sources for low cost housing’s low carbon space heating, cooking and water heating

17. APPLIED PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSING • Passive thermal Design • Orientation of dwellings • Choice of Building materials • Daylighting • Roof Overhangs • Weatherisation and Insulation • Installation of Ceilings • Wall Insulations • High thermal mass flooring • Shared Walls

18. CROSS CUTTING BENEFITS OF THE WORKING FOR ENERGY PROGRAMME • The Working for Energy has the added benefits of enhancing the following Government Objectives: • Youth, Women and People with Disabilities development • Skills Development in the Green Economy • Meaningful participation of rural areas in the Green Economy • Rural Enterprise Development and enhanced Community Ownership

19. STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE WORKING FOR ENERGY RELATED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT • ORGANISATIONS • Department of Energy • EWSETA • ESKOM • SAQA • Targeted Municipalities • NGO’s • Renewing Our Nation (RON) • South African National Council Of Chambers (SANCOC) • YOUTH ORGANISATIONS • National Youth Development Agency (NYDA) • South African Youth Council (SAYC)

20. ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT • Thorough skills development and entrepreneurial training where applicable together with the WfE stakeholders; • Roll-out of proven WfE projects; • Development of maintenance enterprises for sustainability of WfE projects; • Thorough research for exit opportunities; • Close monitoring of enterprises for growth and maturity; • Register the developed enterprises on the WfE database; • WfE youth energy cluster enterprise development; • Ownership by SANEDI;

21. CONCLUSIONS • The Working for Energy Programme : • contributes towards the development of the Green Economy, focusing on rural and urban low income communities • Contributes towards rural job creation • Contributes towards rural skills development • Is an integral part of , and compliments the other “Working for” initiatives; • Fills the gap for small social energy service provisions, normally ignored by commercial interests; • Creates a market for rural areas energy industries, including secondary industries with potential to feed into the mainstream economy. • Can be replicated and scaled up for broader applications to enhance service delivery.

22. END OF PRESENTATIONdavidm@sanedi.org.zaTel: (010) 201-4767