Feudalism in Europe

1. Feudalism in Europe Chapter 13 Section 2 Pg. 322

2. But First…. • Who overran the western half of the Roman Empire in the 400s? • Germanic tribes • Why did new languages evolve from Latin? • Germanic language mixed with Latin • Who converted to Christianity and had 3000 warriors convert as well? • Clovis • The former Roman province of Gaul is now? • France • Why was Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours so important? • It saved Christianity in Europe • What did the Treaty of Verdun do? • Split the Empire in 3

3. After the Treaty of Verdun, Charlemagne's 3 grandsons broke up the kingdom further • Part of the territory becomes battleground for attacks on Europe • This leads to a rise in feudalism: military and political system based on land ownership and personal loyalty

4. Invasions • Between 800-1000, invasions destroy the Carolingian empire • Muslims invade from the south • Magyars invade from the east • Vikings attack from the north

5. Vikings Muslims INVASIONS! Magyars

6. Viking Invasions • From cold northern Scandinavia • Most dreaded attackers • Worship warlike gods • Carried raids at fast speeds- strike, then set out to sea before local troops could arrive

7. Vikings • Used swords and heavy wooden shields • Built amazing boats • Boats could carry 300 men, 72 oars, weigh 20 tons and sail in 3ft of water • Would use shallow streams to loot villages and monasteries • Were not just warriors, also were traders, farmers and explorers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwaSSVOPwSE&feature=related

8. Viking Boats

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=judcMBpu-AY

11. Leif Ericson • Most famous Viking • Most likely reached North America around 1000- about 500 years before Christopher Columbus

12. Viking Invasions End • Around the same time Leif Ericson reached the Americas Viking terror faded • Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and stopped raising monasteries • A warming trend in Europe made farming easier in Scandinavia, so many didn’t adopt the Viking seafaring way of life

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIvJ2P0giVc&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA

14. Magyars Invasion • After Viking invasion • Invade from east in late 800s • Like earlier Huns, they terrorize Germany and Italy • Great on horseback, nomads • Didn’t settle conquered land • Captured people to sell as slaves • Attack isolated villages and monasteries • Overrun northern Italy

15. Muslim Invasions • Muslims come from the south • Seized Sicily, raided Italy • Sacked Rome in 846 • Controlled the Mediterranean Sea and disrupted trade and were excellent sailors • Were vengeful- goal was to plunder land, since they failed at conquering the land in 600 and 700s

16. Living in Fear • Invasions of Vikings, Magyars and Muslims caused disorder and suffering • Europeans lived in fear and constant danger • Central authority proved powerless • Many turned to local leaders with their own armies

17. How It Began… • In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo was the head of the Viking army and had been plundering the rich Seine River Valley for years. Charles the Simple was the king of France but held little power. Charles granted the Viking leader a huge piece of French territory, becoming known as Normandy. In return, Rollo placed his hands between the king’s hands and swore a pledge of loyalty.

18. A New Social Order • Worst years of invaders attacks were 850-950. • During this time, rulers and warriors made similar agreements in many parts of Europe • The system of governing and landholding called feudalism had emerged in Europe

19. Feudal System • Based on mutual obligations • A lord (landowner) granted land called a fief in exchange for military protection and other services • Person receiving the fief was a vassal • So, Charles the Simple was the lord, and Rollo would have been the vassal

20. Feudalism(the pyramid) 1 -The king- -Claimed ownership of land -Granted land to Lords (nobles) -Gave land to vassals if they fought for him 2 -Lord (Noble)- -Could gain land from King -Could give and control land he got 3 -Knight- -Was granted land by Lord (Noble) -Could live on land as long as they fought for the lord -Peasant- -Worked the land for little pay -Bottom of the pyramid 4

21. The feudal system didn’t always work so simply • Relationships between lords and vassals weren’t always clear cut • The same noble might be a vassal to several different lords • Lords and vassals tried to use relationships to their own advantage

22. Social Classes • Status determined a person’s prestige and power • People were placed into 3 groups: 1) Those who fought- nobles and knights 2) Those who prayed- men and women of church 3) Those who worked- the peasants • Social class was usually inherited

23. Serfs • Majority of people in Europe were peasants • Most peasants were serfs • Serfs were people who couldn’t lawfully leave the place where they were born • Even though they were bound to the land, they were not slaves • Lords could not buy or sell them

24. Manor • The manor was the lord’s estate • The manor system was the basic economic arrangement • Lord provided the serfs and peasants with housing, strips of farmland and protection from bandits

27. Life on the Manor • Serfs tended the lord’s land, cared for his animals and maintained the estate • Peasant women shared the duties with her husband • Owed the lord certain duties like working 3-4 days, and portions of their grain

28. Rare for peasants to travel more than 25 miles from manor in lifetime! A manor usually covered a few square miles of land Consisted of the lord’s manor house, a church and workshops 15-30 families lived in the village on the manor Fields, pastures and forests surrounded the village

29. Map of a Manor

30. Self Sufficient Manor • Everything needed for daily life was produced on the manor: *crops *fuel *cloth *leather goods *lumber

31. The only outside purchases were salt, iron and a few unusual objects like millstones- stones used to grind flour

32. Peasant Life on the Manor • Since it was considered a privilege to live on the manor, peasants paid a high price • Paid a tax on all grain ground on the lord’s mill • Was considered a crime to avoid paying taxes • Paid a tax on marriage- weddings could only take place with the lord’s consent • All peasant families had to pay a tithe (church tax) to the village priest (10% of income)

33. Serfs and peasants lived in cottages with only 1 or 2 rooms • Would warm their dirt floor by bringing pigs inside • Families would huddle together on pile of straw crawling with insects to stay warm

34. Simple Diet • Peasant diets consisted of: *vegetables *coarse brown bread *grain *cheese *soup

35. Serfs accepted their way of life, and viewed it as part of church teachings • Believed God determined a person’s place in society