CXI Reference Laser System Preliminary Design Review WBS 1.3.3

1. CXI Reference Laser System Preliminary Design ReviewWBS 1.3.3 Sébastien Boutet – CXI Instrument Scientist Paul Montanez – CXI Lead Engineer Kay Fox – CXI Mechanical Designer March 3, 2009

2. Outline • CXI Overview • Reference Laser Physics Requirements • Preliminary Design and Analyses • Design Interfaces • Controls • Safety • Cost & Schedule • Summary

3. Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Biomolecules One pulse, one measurement Particle injection LCLS pulse Wavefront sensor or second detector Noisy diffraction pattern Combine 105-107 measurements into 3D dataset Gösta Huldt, Abraham Szöke, Janos Hajdu (J.Struct Biol, 2003 02-ERD-047)

4. CXI Instrument Location Near Experimental Hall X-ray Transport Tunnel AMO (LCLS) XPP CXI Endstation XCS Source to Sample distance : ~ 440 m Far Experimental Hall

5. Far Experimental Hall CXI Control Room Lab Area XCS Control Room Hutch #6 X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument

6. CXI Instrument in Hutch 5

7. CXI Instrument Design 0.1 micron KB system Particle injector Diagnostics & Wavefront Monitor LCLS Beam 1 micron focus KB system (not shown) Sample Chamber Detector Stage

8. Reference Laser Purpose • Purpose • Rough alignment of the experiment without the X-ray beam • Provides a visible line to align components • Guarantee the detector hole is aligned with the LCLS beam CXI Detector Stage CXI Detector

9. Requirements • Performance Requirements • Span full length of CXI Hutch • Non-concurrent use of the laser and X-ray beam • Stability • Short term (a few days) • 5% of laser beam width • Long term (a few months) • 15% of laser beam width • Size Requirements • FWHM 5.5 mm or less • Highly collimated beam

10. Requirements • Positioning Requirements • Two settings • In or Out • Change settings in ~10 sec or less • 10 mm stay-clear when in the Out position • Deflected and focused by the X-ray KB mirrors • Laser to simulate distant LCLS source • LCLS and laser centroid aligned to 100 microns • Over full length of CXI Hutch • Repeatable pointing to 100 microns over full length of hutch • 100 microns over 20 meters • 5 µrad pointing repeatability KB Mirrors

11. Requirements • Vacuum Requirements • 10-7 Torr pressure • Useable with any part of the instrument vented to air • Window valves all the way down the beamline • Controls Requirements • Remotely change In and Out state • Alignment with LCLS beam performed remotely • Spatial overlap to be verified with a single diagnostic • LUSI Profile Monitor • YAG screen • Multiple monitors to verify pointing • 4 monitors in total

12. Requirements • Safety Requirements • Visible laser • Class 3R or less • Contained in an enclosure • In-vacuum mirror interlocked with LCLS shutters to prevent the direct beam from hitting the back of the mirror.

13. Outline (2) • CXI Overview • Reference Laser Physics Requirements • Preliminary Design and Analyses • Design Interfaces • Controls • Safety • Cost & Schedule • Summary

14. Preliminary Design and Analyses Wavefront/IP Monitor H6 Beamline Profile/Intensity-Position Monitors CXI Reference Laser 0.1µm K-B System 1µm K-B System • Performance/Positioning Requirements • Reference Laser span full length of CXI Hutch • Spatial overlap to be verified with a single diagnostic • LUSI Profile Monitor • YAG screen • Multiple monitors to verify pointing • 4 monitors in total • Deflected and focused by the X-ray KB mirrors • Laser to simulate distant LCLS source

15. Preliminary Design and Analyses (1) Viewport Motorized center mount w/ collimator FEH H6 Motorized flipper w/ filter 100 l/s Ion Pump In-vacuum motorized center mount w/ mirror Optics & Diagnostics Table

16. Preliminary Design and Analyses (2) In Position Out Position Ø25mm through hole in connecting shaft • Performance/Positioning Requirements • Two settings • In or Out • Non-concurrent use of the laser and X-ray beam • 10mm stay-clear when in the Out position • Mirror must be moved into visible light laser to align beamline components. With safety shutter open and FEL beam on, the mirror is not in danger of being moved into the FEL beam by vacuum loading thereby resulting in a “fail-safe” design

17. Preliminary Design and Analyses (3) Courtesy T. Montagne Y X Z Rotatable CFF Non-Rotatable CFF • Vacuum Requirements • 10-7 Torr pressure • Useable with any part of the instrument vented to air • Window valves all the way down the beamline • DCO Vacuum Chamber • Reference laser will use a slightly modified version of the DCO vacuum chamber • Leveraging existing designs (when applicable) reduces our overall engineering/design effort. Additionally, helps to ensure commonality within the LUSI instruments • This chamber and its alignment stage have sustained a successful PDR (as part of the Intensity-Position Monitor review held on 9-Jan-09) • Vacuum chamber is brazed 304 SST. Short in “Z” direction to conserve space • “Z” Axis flanges 6.0 rotatable CFF with bellows module. Flange/bellows assembly is welded to chamber • “X” axis ports NR 6.0 CFF brazed to chamber. These ports are available for pumping/viewports/etc. • Pressure better than 10-7 Torr

18. Preliminary Design and Analyses (4) 3X ¾-16 UNF-2B Courtesy T. Montagne 3X ¼-20 UNC-2A • DCO 6 Axis Alignment Stage • Provides for alignment of Reference Laser vacuum chamber

19. Preliminary Design and Analyses (5) Pitch Roll Yaw • Positioning/Pointing Requirements • LCLS and laser centroid aligned to 100 microns • Over full length of CXI Hutch • Repeatable pointing to 100 microns over full length of hutch • 100 microns over 20 meters • 5 µrad pointing repeatability • Micos HPS-170 High Precision Stage (with linear encoder) • Bi-directional linear repeatability • +/- 0.1µm • Angular repeatability • Pitch/Roll/Yaw < 1.0µrad • 52mm stroke • Of course we need a stiff structure to generate reproducible results of this order

20. Preliminary Design and Analyses (6) • Positioning Requirements • Two settings • In or Out • Change settings in ~10 sec or less • Loading of Micos linear stage (in vertical orientation) • Vacuum • SBC P/N 300 – 200 – 4 – XX (O.D. = 3.0in, I.D. = 2.0in) • FPressure ≈ 70lb • FSpring Rate ≈ 20lb • Gravity • FWeight ≈ 10lb • FTotal = FPressure+ FSpringRate+ FWeight • FTotal ≈ 100lb [450N] • Moment • Center of connecting shaft is offset 2.5in [0.064m] from slide mounting surface • MX ≈ 30 N-m • Micos HPS-170 linear stage is rated for FY = 100N (test data de-rated by a factor of 3) and MX = 300N-m • Add a 5:1 gearbox to obtain FY ≈ 1000N (test data de-rated by a factor of 1.5). With this gearbox the stage velocity is ≈ 7mm/s which means that the mirror can be moved In/Out in ≈ 8 sec • Moment load (30N-m) is only ≈ 1/10 of the rated capacity

21. Preliminary Design and Analyses (7) • Performance Requirement • Stability • Short term (a few days) • 5% of laser beam width • Long term (a few months) • 15% of laser beam width • Vibration induced steering errors • In-vacuum mirror needs to remain stable • Natural frequency above 100Hz to prevent resonance from nearby equipment, i.e. pumps/HVAC • Choose materials with high elastic modulus, e.g. SST 304 • Connecting shaft is a thick walled SST tube • Transverse deformation of beams is the sum of flexure and shear deformation. Shear deformations are usually neglected for the analysis of slender members, for “stout” members shear is likely to have a substantial effect on the natural frequency of the member and that frequency will be substantially lower than that predicted by flexure theory. • A “rule-of-thumb” is that the slenderness ratio should be > 10 for slender members • Span/Depth (slenderness ratio) = 7.6 → borderline • Calculate each flavor assuming an undamped, “Fixed-Free” (cantilevered) beam with end mass • Slender beam: f1 ≈ 360Hz • Stout beam: f1 ≈ 1850Hz

22. Preliminary Design and Analyses (8) • Size/Safety Requirements • FWHM 5.5 mm or less • Highly collimated beam • Visible laser • Class 3R or less • Contained in an enclosure • Optomechanical parts list • Laser source size = 6.6mm, divergence = 0.007˚. At downstream end of hutch size beam ≈ 9mm • Laser enclosure provided primarily to prevent accidental interference with optomechanical equipment – laser is safe (restricted beam viewing, Class 3R)

23. Preliminary Design and Analyses (9) FEH Courtesy P.Stefan • “Ray-trace” for possible location of FEL in the FEH based on steering from M2H through C6 • At the nominal Reference Laser location in FEH Hutch 5, possible x-ray beam excursions within ≈ Ø33mm (> Ø25mm through hole in connecting shaft) • A collimator will be required upstream of the Reference Laser to prevent unwanted illumination of component surfaces. An ideal location would be upstream of XCS (FEH H4) monochromator in the XRT where the collimator would be common to both instruments

24. Design Interfaces • Upstream • VAT Series 10 Gate Valve • Welded bellows assembly on upstream side of vacuum chamber allows for alignment • Downstream • Slits • Welded bellows assembly on downstream side of vacuum chamber allows for alignment • Optics stand • DCO ICD with XPP defines hole pattern on vacuum chamber alignment stage • Controls Group • The linear stage uses a standard 2 phase stepper motor (200 steps/rev) • Use any controller/driver that can accommodate closed loop stepper with A Quad B encoder feedback • Optomechanics controls

25. Controls • Safety & Controls Requirements • In-vacuum mirror interlocked with LCLS shutters to prevent the direct beam from hitting the back of the mirror. • Remotely change In and Out state • Alignment with LCLS beam performed remotely • Results of discussions with Controls Group

26. Safety • Laser enclosure provided • Restricted beam viewing • Prevent accidental interference with optomechanical components • Class 3R laser • Safety covers will be used on moving elements to prevent “pinch-hazards” • Prevent potential for over-pressurization of vacuum system during back-fill or from an accidental increase in pressure due to a system malfunction by providing an ASME UD certified and 10CFR851 compliant UHV burst disk (11.5 psi) in the vacuum region between gate valves • To comply with OSHA/DOE regulations, all electronics will have certification either through a National Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) or the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) as per the SLAC Electrical Equipment Inspection Program

27. Cost & Schedule Arrows indicate baseline dates • Month end January 2009 data

28. Cost & Schedule (2) SPI = 0.89 CPI = 1.26 • Month end January 2009 data

29. Summary • Reference Laser preliminary design is well advanced • Controls issues have been addressed in partnership with the Controls Group and are easily implemented • Cost/Schedule • No foreseeable schedule issues • Negative schedule variance (cumulative-to-date) is due to effort status at the end of January, we are currently slightly ahead of schedule • Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = 0.89 • Positive cost variance (cumulative-to-date) implies that we are efficient in accomplishing the work, i.e. costs are running under budget • Cost Performance Index (CPI) = 1.26 • To Do list • Design supports from Optics Stand to laser breadboard and ion pump • Develop an alignment plan • Design ready to advance to final design

30. End of Presentation

31. Supporting Material • 8817-8-V • Tip angular range ≈ 9˚ • Tilt angular range ≈ 9˚

32. Supporting Material (2) • Vacuum loading

33. Supporting Material (3)

34. Supporting Material (4)

35. Supporting Material (5)

36. Supporting Material (6)