SEX, STDs, and Honesty

1. SEX, STDs, and Honesty

2. A visit to the Microbiology Lab • How can you tell if a person has sexually transmitted disease? • You can’t, get tested, outbreak is current • Why are most teenagers not concerned about getting an STD? • Think you are invincible, • ¼ sexually active teen will have an STD by the age of 18 and most will not know it • What are the most common sexually transmitted diseases? • Chlamydia, HPV, Trichomoniasis, Genital Herpes, Gonorrhea

3. Chlamydia • Most common ____________ STD that infects teenagers. • Bacterial • It infects approximately _____ million men and women each year in the United States. • 3 million • Of those 3 million people, ___ million are young people 15-24 • 1.5 million • ____% of women and ____% of men have no symptoms. • 75% , 50% • Symptoms may include abnormal discharges or a burning sensation when urinating • Chlamydia can be transmitted to either partner through vaginal, anal, or oral sex and is diagnosed by lab tests

4. While the disease can be cured with antibiotics, if left untreated it can have serious consequences. • What happens when a girl doesn’t realize she has Chlamydia and doesn’t get treatment? • Up to 40% of women with untreated Chlamydia develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which does produce symptoms such as chronic pain in the pelvic area. • Although Chlamydia can be cured, any damage done form PID is irreversible. • 1/5 women with PID becomes infertile

5. Gonorrhea • Gonorrhea is another bacterial STD, infecting __________ each year in the U.S. • 650,000 • Many may have no symptoms. • Symptoms are burning sensation when urinating or abnormal discharges. • Gonorrhea can be transmitted to either partner through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • It can be cured with antibiotics. • A major cause of _______ and subsequent infertility and tubal pregnancies (outside the uterus) which require termination of the pregnancy. • PID • Gonorrhea is very contagious. In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage female has a ________ chance of getting it. • 50

6. Syphilis • Syphilis is another _________ STD, infecting 70,000 each year in the U.S. • Bacterial • Passed via _________contact from a syphillis sore (chancre) • Direct • Transmitted to either partner through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a ________, which soon goes away. • Sore • Syphilis can be _________ with antibiotics. • Cured • Untreated syphilis can cause serious problems later in life, including heart trouble, mental problems, birth defects in babies, and ________ • Death

7. Trichomoniasis • Trichomoniasis is a very common STD caused by a microscopic __________, infecting five million people in the U.S. each year. • Parasite • Most men have no symptoms. • Women symptoms = vaginal discharge and experience discomfort during intercourse or urination. • Diagnosed through a physical exam with a lab test, and can be ________ with a prescription drug. • Cured

8. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • HPV is the most common _______ STD, infecting 5.5 million people each year in the U.S. • Viral • Of those 5.5 million, ________ million are people aged 15-24. • 4.6 million • At least _____% of sexually active men/women get HPV at some point in their lives. • 50% • ______% of college women evaluated contracted HPV at some point over a three year period. • 43% • Some types cause genital warts, which can be treated and cured. Other types can cause cervical, penile, and anal ____________. • Cancer

9. HPV is a virus there is ______ cure. • NO • It is up to the body’s immune system to fight off the infection. Sometimes this occur within a few weeks, months, or even years. It could remain for ________. The HPV strains that last the longest are most likely to cause cancer • Life • Over 90% of all cervical cancers are cause by __________ infection. Over 10,000 women develop invasive cervical cancer each year and nearly _________ die from the disease. • HPV; 4,000 • Most women are diagnosed with HPV on the basis of abnormal PAP tests. • No general HPV tests are available for men. • HPV can be transmitted to either partner through vaginal, anal or oral sex.

10. Genital Herpes • Genital herpes is a _______ STD and infects 1 million people each year in the U.S, including 650,000 people aged 15 -24. • Viral • It is the most widespread STD in the U.S. today, with over _______ million people currently infected. • 45 million • Over _______ % of people who tested positive for genital herpes did not know they had it. • 90% • Because genital herpes is a virus, there is no cure. And unlike many other viruses, a person’ immune system is not able to drive away the infection. Once infected, you have genital herpes for _________. • Life

11. Most have no symptoms. • Typical symptoms are painful, recurring blisters on or around the genitals or rectum. • Most people with a first episode can expect to have 4 to 5 outbreaks within a year. Medications can help with outbreaks. • With or without symptoms, it can be transmitted by ______________ contact between sex partners. • Skin-to-Skin • Diagnosed by _________ inspection if sores are present. • Visual • It can be difficult to detect otherwise; blood tests are helpful, but the results are _________ always clear-cut. • Not

12. STD’s – An Epidemic • There are more than ______ STD’s • 25 • Every year more than _____ million Americans contract a new STD. A total of _____ million people in the U.S. currently have an STD. • 15 Million; 65 Million • Every year approximately ____ million teens contract a new STD….. • ________ each day • ________ each hour • 1 every ________ seconds • 4 million; 10,959; 457; 8

13. Why are teen especially vulnerable to spreading and contracting STD’s? • Many STD’s have _______ symptoms, so either partner could have the STD and not know it. • No • Sexually active teenagers and young adults are more likely than other age group to have ________ sex partners. • Multiple • The ________ of adolescent females is more at risk for STD infection than older females. • Cervix

14. What about “Safe Sex” • What does safe sex mean • Using a male condom • To be most effective against pregnancy and STD’s condoms must be used consistently, every single time and correctly, put on after erection but before genital contact, leave no trapped air, be withdrawn while still erect, and held onto during withdrawal. • A large proportion of condom users do not use them consistently and correctly.

15. How well do condoms work for birth control? • Condoms are made rubber, so they can ________, slip off, be affected by heat and cold, and deteriorate over time. Studies show that these problems happen 1-4% of the time. • Break • Typical couples who use condoms for birth control experience a first year failure rate of _______ percent in preventing pregnancies. • 15%

16. How well do condoms reduce the risk of contracting STDs • Condoms are most effective against HIV, reducing the risk by ______ % versus not using a condom at all. • 85 • Condoms are approximately _________ % effective in reducing the risk of STDs spread by body fluids. • 50% • Less effective with STDs spread by skin-to-skin contact. • How much protection do condoms offer if the infection is located outside of the area covered by the condom? • None • Many studies show that condoms are not very effective in protecting against HPV.

17. Is “safe sex” safe enough? What is the only way to eliminate the risk of contracting an STD?

18. Sex and Respect • Why do some people avoid telling their partners they have an STD? • Fear of rejection, they don’t care about the other person, or they may not know they have an STD • If you had an STD would you tell someone: • Just starting to date? Why/why not • Before you became sexually involved? Why/why not • Before you were married? Why/why not