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ICM- Marine Team Assessment frameworks beyond 2012 MSFD requirements and Slovenian experience

ICM- Marine Team Assessment frameworks beyond 2012 MSFD requirements and Slovenian experience. Prepared by: Monika Peterlin (IWRS) Marine team meeting October 2012, Copenhagen. Background. MS reporting based on MSFD requirements in 2012 Reporting overview (Art.8,9 and 10):

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ICM- Marine Team Assessment frameworks beyond 2012 MSFD requirements and Slovenian experience

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  1. ICM- Marine TeamAssessment frameworks beyond 2012MSFD requirements and Slovenian experience Prepared by: Monika Peterlin (IWRS) Marine team meeting October 2012, Copenhagen

  2. Background MS reporting based on MSFD requirements in 2012 Reporting overview (Art.8,9 and 10): European Commission. July 2012. Guidance for 2012 reporting under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, using the MSFD database tool. Version 1.0. DG Environment, Brussels. pp164. 2012 reporting includes: • Initial assessment • GES • Targets Basis – geographic boundaries; Work in countries – actively going on since 2008 Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  3. Initial assessmentconcept Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  4. MSFD reporting 2012 - 1 Linked to GES descriptors Criteriaandindicators 1. Initial Assessment • Characteristics (Physical, Habitats, Functional groups, Species, Ecosystems and Non-indigenous species (inventory) ) • Pressures and impacts • Physical loss • Physical damage • Underwater noise • Marine litter • Hydrology • Contaminants • Acute pollution events • Microbial pathogens • Non-indigenous species • Fishing (and other selective extraction) • Acidification • Economic and Social aspects (Marine activities, ES, CD) Linked to sectors Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  5. GES (art.9)and Targets (art.10) Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  6. MSFD reporting 2012 - 2 Qualitative descriptors for determining GES (Annex I), basis for target setting • Descriptor 1: Biological diversity • Descriptor 2: Non-indigenous species • Descriptor 3: Population of commercial fish / shell fish • Descriptor 4: Elements of marine food webs • Descriptor 5: Eutrophication • Descriptor 6: Sea floor integrity • Descriptor 7: Alteration of hydrographical conditions • Descriptor 8: Contaminants • Descriptor 9: Contaminants in fish and seafood for human consumption • Descriptor 10: Marine litter • Descriptor 11: Introduction of energy, including underwater noise = 56 criteria, many more indicators Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  7. MSFD process in Slovenia Basis - relevant legislation: • EU level: Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) and other legislation • MAP/Barcelona Convention and its Protocols (ECAP) Sub-regional activities – Adriatic and Ionian Sea countries Regional – Mediterranean, Barcelona convention Several expert institutions involved: Authors of 2012 reports for Slovenia: • Intitute for water of the Republic of Slovenia (Lead): M. Peterlin (Lead), U. Bremec, M. Centa, B. Bruderman, L. Gosar, M. Kramar, T. Mohorko, A. Palatinus, Š. Petelin, M. Peterlin, G. Urbanič • Marine Biology station Piran: M. Orlando Bonaca (Lead), L. Lipej, A. Malej, J. Francé, B. Čermelj, O. Bajt, N. Kovač, B. Mavrič, V. Turk, P. Mozetič, A. Ramšak, T. Kogovšek, M. Šiško, V. Flander Putrle, M. Grego, T. Tinta, B. Petelin, M. Vodopivec, M. Jeromel, U. Martinčič , V. Malačič, • Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia: B. Marčeta (Lead), P. Pengal • Institute of Occupational Safety: F. Deželak (Lead), J. Jenko Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  8. Relevant geographic units for the assessment Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia National Sub-reginal and regional Fisheriesspecifficregions (GFCM) Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  9. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Initial assessment - Characteristics Annex III, Table 1 Event/ date: MTM, 15.-16.10.2012 Author: Monika Peterlin (IWRS), Marine Team

  10. Dataavailability - phy-chem, trends (SI) Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

  11. Habitats, biological features assessment (SI) Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Habitats, species, functional groups • Segrasses, macroalgae, macroinv. (WFD) • status, trends, high confidence • Fish, sea birds (new) • status, NO trends known, low confidence • Mammals, cartilaginous spec., reptiles • status not assessed (needs larger geographical coverage) Zooplankton and phytoplankton (WFD) status, trends, medium confidnce Problem – high variability

  12. Allproperties are linked to GES descriptors Example D 1: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Habitat level ney ….not evaluated yet

  13. D1: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY - Speciesandpopulationlevel ney ….not evaluated yet

  14. Example: mass occurrence of zooplankton • Data availability: last 200 years • In the period 1875-1922, peak 1908-1915; mass occurrence every 8-12 years • After 1970 mass occurrence every <8 years • - After 2000: Aurelia in Rhizostoma mass occurrence almost every year From left up to bottom right: Aurelia aurita (foto: V. Bernetič), Chrysaora hysoscella (foto: T. Makovec); Cotylorhiza tuberculata (foto: T. Makovec); spodaj levo Rhizostoma pulmo (foto: V. Bernetič)in spodaj desno Pelagia noctiluca (foto: T. Makovec). National institute for biology - Marine biology station, Piran Muggiaea atlantica– alien, potentially invasive, not confirmed • Reasons for increase in mass occurence frequency: • Increase in constructed structures in coastal areea and platforms (reproduction) • Overfishing (empty pelagial habitat) • Climate change (temperature rise)

  15. Innitialassessment - Pressuresandimpacts Annex III, Table 2

  16. Physicalloss (coastal zone) Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Areas with no constructions 34% Industry and major ports 21% Marinas - 10% Urban areas - 5% Urban areas (tourism) - 31% Areas of cultural heritage - 10% % of coastal length

  17. Physical loss (coastal zone) Summary of impacts and evaluation of status Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Loss of natural habitats • Loss of areas for nesting birds in the coastal area • Disturbance of migratory ways between land/sea (tortoise) • Fragmentation of natural living environment to the areas insufficient for survival • Change in sediment and silt transportation > change of habitats Results • Habitat extent of biocenosis in mediolittoral is getting smaller • Status of habitat types in infralittoral is deteriorating • Presence of jellyfish in the last 10 years is increasing

  18. Physicaldamage Physical damage Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Impacts on habitats - not evaluated • Data: spatial distribution of pressures • Expected pressures identified based on expert opinion: • Impact on the sea bed (commercial fishing nests, mussels collection) • Rearrangement of sediment (anchoring of feeder ships), • Channels dredging on sandy or muddy bottom (anchoring of tourist boats), • Resuspension of sediments (shipping, boating, commercial fishing with bottom trawling nests), • Overthrowing of rocks (large vessels anchoring)

  19. Physicaldamage Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

  20. Underwaternoise Marine traffic UDERWATER NOISE Fisheries Construction Exploration of thes ea bottom Military vessels Motor boats Underwater noise Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Impulsive noise (general sources: pile driving, seismic survey, explosions) • Continuous noise (shipping activity, dredging) • First measurements in the Slovenian sea of continuous low frequency sound, results: • Spreads over 10 km far < UW noisein the area is more expressed due to echo and (bathimetry, characteristics of seabed). • Noise range of 127 – 137 dB > relatively high levels with possible effects on marine organisms. • Boats and ships are main sources of underwater noise. • Especially problematic recreational boats!

  21. Underwaternoise Possibleimpacts (marine mammals) Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Behavioural changes, • Changes in perception (difficult or impossible interspecies communication), • Temporal or permanent hearing treshold shifts, • Physical injuries (hematoma, internal bleeding, respiratory system and swim bladders injuries, ...). • no data on underwater noise impacts on marine biota for the Slovenian sea used in 2012 IA

  22. Marine litter Marine litter Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia foto: M. Kramar foto: A. Palatinus foto: A. Palatinus Data availability in 2012: - beach litter (good coverage), - floating litter and microplastic (floating and in beach sediment) – test data; - dataon litter ingestion - Carettacaretta (literature). • It is estimated that most marine litter end up on the ocean floor (75%) • 15% are found floating in the water column and on the sea surface • 15% are found on the beach.

  23. Marine litter Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Beach litter results

  24. Contaminationby PS Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Contamination by priority and priority hazardous substances Inputs : Pesticidesfromagriculture Substances in antifoulingpaints Storm waterrunoff Emissionsfromindustry Major gap – transboundary pollution and atmospheric deposition not addressed Support of EMODNET network would be helpfull

  25. Contaminationby priority substances Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Emissionsfromindustry 10 yearsdataseriesfromnationalemissionmonitoring No. ofindustrialplantthatproducewastewaterswith PS and PHS is  Analysis on pesticides sold in thearea. Includesdata on pesticidesadsorptionandabsorptionbyplants. Correlationwiththeconcentrationsofpesticides in therunningwaters. Pesticidesfromagriculture Storm waterrunoff Inventoryofoutflowslocationofstormwaterrunoffs Substances in antifoulingpaints (?) In thestageofinvestigativemonitoring

  26. Contaminationby PS Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Summaryofimpactsand evaluation of status • Analisysof PS concentrations in seawater, sediment andmusselsMytilusgalloprovincialis. • organotincompounds - Tributyltincompounds (TBT), • Polyaromatichydrocarbons (PAH) and • differentmetals (cadmium, nickel, lead, mercury) • TBT exceeded QS for the concentrations in seawater > bad chemical status • > hypotesis: TBT is still in used and released (TBT to DBT half-time is very short) • Resultes of TBT concentrations in sediment show the highest concentrations in marinas. TBT was banned from antifouling paints since 2003 for ships of 400 gross tonage and above or ships of 24m or more

  27. Contaminationbysyntheticandnon-syntheticpollutants Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Contamination with specific synthetic and non-synthetic pollutants Inputs: http://24ur.com/novice/slovenija/izlitje-nafte-v-kopru.html http://www.pd-vrhnika.si/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=29&pos=3 Illegaldumpsites Emissionsfromindustry Storm waterrunoff Pesticidesfromagriculture Incidentalspills

  28. Contaminationbysyntheticandnon-syntheticpollutants Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Example: Emissions from industry Trends of several pollutants are stable. Trends of some pollutants are decreasing.

  29. Contamination by synthetic and non-synthetic pollutants Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Summary of impacts and evaluation of status • Analysis of SP and NSP concentrations in seawater, sediment and musselsMytilusgalloprovincialis. • PCB, • different metals (antimony, arsenic, zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, selenium) • organic pollutants (pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, …) • concentrations of SP and NSP in seawater, sediment and mussels are below QS - good status evaluated Major gap – transboundary pollution and atmospheric deposition not addressed

  30. Nutrientandorganicenrichment Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Nutrient and organic matter enrichment Inputs: http://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/zaloska-cistilna-naprava-deluje/ Wastewatertreatmentplants Dispersedsettlements Mariculture Agriculture Emissionsfromindustry http://www.obala.com/SKRIVNOSTI_SLOVENSKEGA_MORJA/izliv_soce.html Loadfrom major rivers in N Adriatic

  31. Nutrient and organic enrichment Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • General trend – decreasing nutrients input due to: • restriction of phosphate used in detergents in late 80-ies, • construction of WWTPs – for WWTPs on Slovenian coastin last 10 years, is evident decreasing trend of nitrogen substances in discharges • strong link between impacts and riverine inflow • flow rate of rivers in the last 10 years is getting lower It reflects in decreasing eutrophication of Gulf of Trieste (link to chl a)

  32. Nutrient and organic enrichment Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Summary of impacts and evaluation of status For evaluation of nutrient and organic matter enrichment different criteria were chosen and upgraded. • concentration of chlorophyll a, • changes in species composition of phytoplankton community • concentration of nutrients in water column • number of opportunistic macroalgae, • PosidoniaOceanicameadow • Goodenvironmental status – on thebasisofcurrentdataandknowledge

  33. Biologicaldisturbance Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Biologicaldisturbance Introductionofmicrobialpathogens Non-indigenousspecies Selectiveextractionofspecies

  34. Selectiveextractionofspecies Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Selective extraction of species Major fishing pressure on 50 – 75 % of fishing area in slovenian territory. Landings reach its major peak in 1983 (7.916 tonn) due to new fishing gear - pelagic trawl. It the early 90-es the landings start to decrease and in the 2008 reach its minimum (694 tonn). • Reason: decrease of stocks, especially: • european pilchard (Sardinapilchardus) and • anchovy (Engraulisencrasicholus) Major gap – only 3 of cca 80 fish stocks assessed

  35. Overview pressures and impacts Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Example

  36. Partial Missing NEW Not dev. Partial NEW Dev. Challenge of GES Missing Partial Finished Partial Missing Partial D1. Biological diversity D2. Alien species D11. Underwater noise D3. Commercially exploited fish and shellfish D10. Marine litter GES D4. Marine food webs D9. Contaminants in the seafood D5. Human-induced eutrophication D8. Concentrations of contaminants D6. Sea-floor integrity D7. Hydrographic conditions

  37. DESCRIPTORS Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia Methodsavailabilityfor monitoring (2012) No. of indicators Methods available ~45% indicators; Partiall develoment ~30 %; Missing ~25% Estimation: Comment: 1 indicators can still include several elements/parameters

  38. Descriptor 4: ELEMENTS OF THE MARINE FOOD WEBS ney ….not evaluated yet

  39. Descriptor 6: SEA-FLOOR INTEGRITY ney ….not evaluated yet

  40. Descriptor 8: CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANTS Descriptor 9: CONTAMINANTS IN FISH AND OTHER SEAFOOD ney ….not evaluated yet

  41. Links: sectors / PI and descriptors; different geographical levels Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

  42. Links: sectors / PI and descriptors; different geographical levels Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

  43. Links: sectors / PI and descriptors; relevant assessment areas Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

  44. MAIN GAPS IDENTIFIED IN SI Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia • Several methods for monitoring missing, problems in setting limit values (no reference conditions) • Data – many missing or having low geographical coverage • Short time series for many elements • Regional cooperation on expert level started late, regional coordination not finished • Transboundary pollution - not assessed • Atmospheric deposition - not assessed • Data on pressures from marine sectors not always complete • Links to pressures not always clear, are difficult to extract due to multiple stressors • Overall - low confidence in results

  45. Thank you for your attention

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