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Religion in Norway: From Norse to Lutheran State Church

Explore the establishment of the Lutheran State Church, the influence of pietistic movements, and the role of religion in democracy and secularization in Norway. Discover the impact of individualization and the current role of religion in public life.

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Religion in Norway: From Norse to Lutheran State Church

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  1. Religion in Norway:From Norse religion to Lutheran State Church Pål Ketil Botvar, KIFO KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  2. Questions to discuss • How was the Lutheran State Church established in Norway? • In what way has the pietistic laymen`s movement influenced the Church? • What role did religion play in the struggle for democracy and national freedom? • How has secularization influenced the population? • What impact has the individualization process had on religion? • Does religion still play a role in public life? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  3. Members in religious communities 2009 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  4. Summary – public religion KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  5. 866 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  6. Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771-1824) • Born in Tune in Østfold (south-east) • Had a religious experience in 1796 • Set out to convert people to ”true Christianity” • Started a revival-movement within the Church • Critical to the clergy but not to the state church system • Started many new industries • Imprisonned for many years • (”The Haugians” painted by A. Tidemand 1852) KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  7. Hans Nielsen Hauge KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  8. The Haugians (A. Tidemand 1852) KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  9. The Parliament of Norway,1866 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  10. Summary – history • Norway Christianized around 1000 by Olav Haraldson • Lutheran State Church after the Reformation • Hans Nielsen Hauge formed religious life 1800-1900 • Many pietistic missionary movements formed ca. 1850 • They laymen supported the fight for national freedom • The church was split in the view on Parliamentarism • The countercultural movements opposed the urban elites • The church reunited in the fight against unbelief • Christian People Party built on the laymen's movement KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  11. Religion in Norway 1991-2008Secularisation or re-sacralisation? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  12. Questions to discuss: • How has secularization influenced the population? • What are the implications of religious privatization? • Does religion still play a role in the public life? • In what way does Norway differ from USA and EU? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  13. Structural changes in Norway 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  14. Belief in God 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  15. Belief in Christian dogmas 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  16. Religious behaviour 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  17. Alternative religiousity 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  18. Religious versus spiritual 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  19. Summary ”religious beliefs” • Some decline in Christian view of God • More people are ”non-believers” • Decline in traditional religious behaviour • As many as before are ”religious” • New forms of spirituality on the rise • Still strong position of national Church • Secularization at a lower speed.. KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  20. Views on public religion, 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  21. Who can wear religious symbols? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  22. Religious symbols in military – gender/age KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  23. Religious symbols in Military – education KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  24. Religious symbols in Military – geography KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  25. Religious symbols in Militarty – attendance KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  26. Religious symbols in Military – pol parties KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  27. Summary – public religion • Attitudes varies with nearness to the state • Tolerance for religious leaders in media • Low tolerance for religion in politics • Women, young, educated tolerant • People in Oslo more tolerant than others • People in cities more tolerant than others • Church active more tolerant than others KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  28. Belief in God ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  29. Religious practise ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  30. Views on religion ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  31. Summary–international comparison • Norwegians do not believe as much in God as Americans • Norwegians believe more often in ”a higher power” • Norwegians go less often to chuch, but visit ”holy places” as often as Americans • Norwegians and Americans have the same level of confidence in the churches and are both against religious leaders influencing government decitions KIFO – Centre for Church Research

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