Characteristics of Life

1. Characteristics of Life Biology 1 APG

2. 6 Characteristics Made of Cells - cells are the most basic unit of life, single cell organisms do exist Reproduce – offspring must be produced before an organism dies so the species can live on Evolve – change over time, pass on beneficial traits so the next generation is better off Organization – individual cells have organization, entire organism has organization (ex: body systems) Metabolize – needs, uses, and processes energy/food to grow and repair Respond – will make changes in response to something in the environment

4. Do Now! 10/20 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer. 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? A) Living things are adapted to a particular way of life. B) Living things respond to stimuli. C) Living things reproduce. D) Living things have an internal (inside) environment that stays absolutely constant. 2. Food provides nutrient molecules, which are used either as building blocks or for ______. A) evolution B) reproduction C) response D) metabolism

5. Chemistry in Biology Matter = Anything that: Chemistry = The study of changes in matter a) Occupiesspace[volume] b) Has mass [weight]

6. Atoms Are the building blocks of matter Atoms, are made up of: n 0(in nucleus) Neutrons (no charge) p+ (in nucleus) Protons (positive charge) Electrons (negative charge) - e

8. Practice 1. Which part of an atom has a positive charge? • Electrons • Neutrons • Nucleus • Protons 2. Which part of an atom circles or orbits around the outside? • Electrons • Neutrons • Neutral charge • Positive charge

9. Elements Pure substances (composed of all the same kinds of atoms) that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means. Identified in the Periodic Table

11. 118 Elements • 92 Naturally Occurring • All matter both living and non-living found in the table

12. Molecules Two or more of the SAME atoms that join together chemically

13. Compounds Two or more DIFFERENT elements that are chemically combined (Bonded)

14. Practice 1. An element is a pure substance in which there are how many kinds of atoms? • A) two kinds of atoms B) four kinds of atoms C) three kinds of atoms D) one kind of atom 2. Which of the following is an example of an element? • H2 • H2O • CO2 • C6H12O6

15. Types or Size of Molecules • Monomer- one molecule, compound or atom. One single sub-unit • Polymer- two or more monomers bonded together

16. 6 elements in ALL Living things: • C arbon* ydrogen* • H * = most abundant in living things • N itrogen* xygen* • O hosphorus • P • S ulfur

17. Biomolecule • Biomolecule- a molecule produced by a living organism, will have carbon in it and other elements from CHNOPS (sometimes referred to as organic compounds)

18. Practice • Put the following letters in order of the acronym. P N C O H S

19. What do ALL Biomolecules have? Carbon Because… • Can form 4 bonds • Forms neutral compounds (not charged) • Forms long chains and branches, and rings BIG “macromolecules”

20. Practice Match the terms with the correct definition. Write the number and answer. Biomolecule Compound Element Matter Molecule Monomer Polymer • Two or more different types of atoms bonded together. • A pure substance with all the same type of atoms • Two or more monomers bonded together • Two or more of the same type of atoms bonded together • A molecule produced by a living thing • Has mass and volume • One single sub-unit

21. Do Now! 10/21 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer. • The nucleus of an atom contains: • Electrons and Neutrons • Neutrons and Protons • Positive and negative charges • All neutral particles 2. Two or more different elements bonded together is a: a. Atom b. Compound c. Element d. molecule

22. Do Now! 10/21 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, answer the questions in complete sentences. • What element is present in all Biomolecules and is central in their structure? • What is a synonym for biomolecules? • What does “macro” mean?

23. Do Now! 10/22 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer. 1. Which are the four most abundant elements in living cells? • carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen • carbon, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus • carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, magnesium • _______ is a molecule and ________ is a compound. • H2O, CO2 • O2, H2 • O2, CO2 • CO2, H2O

24. Do Now! 9/26 Get your folder and page 1 of the SWH. • THINK: ANSWER #1 on the SWH. “What do you think is the best way to lose weight?” (In other words…If you were to diet, how would you do it? What is the best diet?) • Write your answer in complete sentences. • PAIR: Discuss your answer with your tablemate. • SHARE: Let’s discuss as a class.

25. Do Now! 10/23 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer. 1. Amino Acids are to protein as _______________? • Fatty acid and glycerol are to lipid • DNA is to RNA • Simple sugars are to starch • monosaccharides are to fat 2. What is the monomer of carbohydrates? • Amino acids • Nucleotides • Fatty acid • monosaccharide

26. Do Now! 10/23 cont. Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer. • What characteristics make carbon a good atom to use in macromolecules? • Forms 4 bonds with other atoms • Forms molecules with charges • Forms small molecules with no more than 3 carbons • Forms bonds with only other carbons and hydrogen 2. If you are stranded on an island which macromolecule would you want to be able to consume (eat)? • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • Proteins

27. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids/Fats • Nucleic Acids

28. Carbohydrates(sugars and starches) • Used for energy storage and production • Carbohydrate- an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C H2O) • Made of simple sugars such as fructose and glucose • Monosaccharides- single sugar molecule • Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose • Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides (2 sugars), • Ex: sucrose or table sugar

30. Polysaccharides- many sugars, complex carbohydrates • ex: starch or cellulose Starch- energy storage compound, important food source for animals/humans Cellulose- gives plant cell walls their structure/support, used in wood and cotton fibers

31. Structure of Carbohydrates

32. Lipids(fats and oils) • Best energy storage compound – 3 to 4 x’s more • Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • Lipids- fats, oils, or waxes-fat like compounds • A fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

34. 1 gram of fat has 3 to 4 times as much energy as 1 gram of carbohydrates…so it’s a more efficient storage compound • Cholesterol- a lipid that is important to the structural component of cells -it also makes hormones for the body (estrogen and testosterone) -can be bad when there is too much (heart disease)

35. Phospholipid – type of lipid that makes up the cell membrane in all cells

36. Proteins • Amino Acid- building block of proteins, 20 different amino acids, all have C, H, O, and Nand some contain Sulfur • 2 Functions: structural components of cells or acts as an enzymes (function in chemical reactions) • Some proteins build body parts such as muscle, bone, hair and feathers

38. To synthesize (make) a protein -> 2 or more amino acids link together • Peptide bonds hold the amino acids together • Polypeptide- long chain of amino acids • Thousands of different proteins are made out of these 20 amino acids – number and combination of amino acids. • Green plants can make all of the amino acids • Animals and people cannot, which is why we have to eat a variety of foods to acquire them

41. Nucleic Acids • A series of nucleotides linked together makes a nucleic acid • Nucleotide- is made up of a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base. (CHNOP)

42. Two types of Nucleic acids 1. RNA- ribonucleic acid -required for the synthesis (making) of proteins 2. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid -determines genetic and hereditary information

43. Brainpop: “Body Chemistry”

44. Practice Carbohydrate Lipid Amino Acid Nucleotide Monosaccharide Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids DNA & RNA Fats & Oils Sugars Meat & beans CHO CHO CHNOP CHON (S) Cellulose Cholesterol Phosphate, Nitrogen Base & Sugar Plants make all 20 • Place the terms into the correct boxes. Nucleic Acid Protein

45. Lipid Carbohydrate Nucleic Acid Protein

46. Biomolecule Quiz Amino Acid________________ Basic Formula CH2O________ Contains 2-3x more energy than other biomolecules__________ Contains the elements CHO in its structure________________ Stores and transmits genetic information________________ Monosaccharide_____________ Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids______ Made up of Nucleotides_______ Peptides Bonds______________ Stores energy in covalent bonds______________________ Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Match the correct biomolecule(s) with the following terms or statements*: *(You may use more than one letter per question.)

47. Matching Practice Cellulose Cholesterol Disaccharide DNA monomer Peptide Bond Phospholipid Polymer Polysaccharide RNA • Sugar that gives plant cell walls their structure • 2 or more monomers put together • Makes up the cell membrane of all cells • Carries genetic information • 2 sugars • Required for the synthesis of proteins • Holds together two amino acids • Lipid that is an important component of cell structure, makes hormones • Many sugars • A single sub-unit (building block)

48. Isotopes are atoms of elements with a different number of neutrons 12 14 6 p+ Carbon Carbon 6 p+ 6 e- 6 e- 0 0 6 n 8 n Radioactive Isotopes Give off radiation (neutrons)