Research, Policy and Politics in Evidence Based Practice (RPP in EBP)

1. Research, Policy and Politics in Evidence Based Practice(RPP in EBP) Peter Greenwood, Ph.D. Association of Criminal Justice Research (CA) 71st Bi-Annual Meeting March 25, 2010

2. WHAT WORKS • Functional Family Therapy (FFT) • Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) • Treatment Foster Care (TFC) • Nurse-Family Partnerships (NFP) • Aggression Replacement Training (ART) • Cognitive Behavioral Training (CBT) • Fidelity Assurance (FA) 2 www.aaebp.org Mod 1

3. Evidence-Based Programs, Crime Outcomes What does this mean? Answer: Without the Drug Court, an adult offender has a 43% chance of recidivating with a new felony within 8 years; with the Drug Court, the odds drop to about 38%. This finding is based on 57 rigorous studies conducted throughout the United States. What does this mean? Answer: The reduction in recidivism generates $5,640 per participant in benefits to taxpayers (reduced future criminal justice costs) and crime victims (reduced victimization). Drug Courts cost $4,245 more per person than regular court processing (court costs, treatment). Expected Change In Crime (# of EB Studies) Benefits minus Costs (per-person, life cycle) Selected Results Adult Offenders Cog-Behavioral Treatment-6.3% (25) $10,299 Education Prms., Prison-7.0% (17) $10,669 Drug Tx in Prison (TC or out-patient)-5.7% (20) $7,835 Adult Drug Courts-8.0% (57) $4,767 ISP: surveillance-0.0% (23) -$3,747 ISP: treatment-17.1% (11) $11,563 Juvenile Offenders Functional Family Thpy.-15.9% (7) $31,821 Family Int. Transitions-13.0% (1) $40,545 Aggression Repl. Trng.-7.3% (4) $14,660 Restorative Justice (low risk)-8.7% (21) $7,067 Prevention Pre-School* (low income)-14.2% (8) $12,196 Nurse Family Partnership*-36.3% (2) $27,105 3 Mod 4 Electronic Monitoring*-0.0% (9) $870 Some Things Work, Some Don’t…Be a Smart Investor! Why Focus on Juveniles? 73% of Adults in Washington’s Prisons have been in Washington’s Juvenile Justice System

4. Results for Three Example Portfolios of Evidence-Based Options Prison Supply & Demand in Washington: 2008 to 2030 Prison Beds 30,000 Current Prison Bed Forecast 28,000 Current Level Portfolio “Moderate” Expansion Portfolio 26,000 “Aggressive” Expansion Portfolio 24,000 3 2 prison shortfall 22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 0 0 2008 2008 2010 2010 2012 2012 2014 2014 2016 2016 2018 2018 2020 2020 2022 2022 2024 2024 2026 2026 2028 2028 2030 2030 30,000 CFC prison forecast and WSIPP extension 28,000 Forecast with Current Level Portfolio Forecast with Moderate Implementation Portfolio Forecast with Aggressive Implementation Portfolio 26,000 24,000 22,000 20,000 18,000 Existing Prison Supply Existing Prison Supply & Rented Jail Beds & Rented Jail Beds 16,000 Taxpayer Summary Statistics Current Level Moderate Aggressive Annual cost of portfolio $41 million $63 million $85 million Long-run benefits minus costs $1.1 billion $1.7 billion $2.4 billion $2.45 $2.60 $2.55 Benefit-to-cost ratio Return on investment 24% 27% 28% 6 of 7 Crime Rate in 2020 (2005 rate = 52) 48 48 49 4 www.aaebp.org Mod 1

5. Total Evidence Based Practice • EBP Portfolio • Standardized Assessment Tool • EBP Assignment Protocol • Fidelity Assurance • R & D

6. Politics • Politicians like to be tough and punishment sounds tough – treatment soft • Most funding streams are already earmarked or otherwise claimed by some existing program • Prevention costs are local, savings accrue to state • Implementation sounds easy; is really hard

8. For further information Blueprints for Violence Prevention www.wsipp.org Greenwood, P.W., Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention as Crime Control Policy, University of Chicago Press (2006) Greenwood, P. W. Prevention and Intervention Programs for Juvenile Offenders, The Future of Children vol. 18. no. 2, Fall 2008 Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice www.aaebp.org 8 www.aaebp.org Mod 1