DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration

DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration CHAPTER 9 SUPPORTING TCP/IP, DNS USING WINDOWS XP Prepared By : Suraya Alias

TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Is a communication language or protocol for communication between computers connected to the internet What is IP? The network protocol used for sending network packets over a TCP/IP network or the internet What is Address? The unique number ID assigned to one host or interface in a network by Windows XP and others What is Subnet? A portion of a network sharing a particular subnet address What is Subnet mask? A 32 bit number used to separate between the host and network id in an IP Address What is Getaway? A middle computer (router) A computer uses a getaway in order to communicate to other host in a network 9.1 Introducing To TCP/IP

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.1 Understanding IP Address • Decimal Format • Example : 192.68.20.50 (for us to remember) • Binary Format • Example : 11000000.01000100.00010100.00110010 (for comp) • Octets • The four numbers in an IP Address • Because it has 8 position/bit in binary format • If you add all the positions, you get 32 (8bit+8bit+8bit+8bit) • That’s why IP Address is considered a 32-bit numbers! Example > 11000000.01000100.00010100.00110010

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.1.1 Converting Octets to decimal • By using the power of 2 ; • Example 1; • Example 2;

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.1.1 Converting Octets to decimal • Example of IP address represented in decimal and binary Decimal Binary 9.2.2 IP Addresses: Network and Host • The octets(8 bit) are used to create classes of IP Address that can be assigned to business, government or others (based on size and needs) • The octets can be split into NETWORK id and HOST id • Network id – always contains the first octet, used to identify the network that a computer belongs to • Host id – contains the last octet, identifies the actual computer on the network

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.2 IP Addresses: Network and Host • There are 5 different classes of network. ( A,B,C,D,E )

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.2 IP Addresses: Network and Host • Range and example of IP Address

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP WHY deduct 2 from Host ID? Two addresses cannot be used because binary addresses with a host portion of all 1 and 0 are INVALID!

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.3 Subnet Mask • Used by the TCP/IP protocol to determine whether a host is on local subnet or on a remote network

9.2 Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 9.2.4 Special Address 9.2.5 Private Address • To prevent IP address conflicts between addresses • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) • 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

9.3 Assigning IP Address • Windows XP provides 4 methods of assigning IP Addresses to TCP/IP clients

9.4 APIPA • Enables the pc to automatically assign itself an IP address where DHCP is not available • It selects an IP range from 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255 reserved by IANA • Useful when; • No previous IP Address and no DHCP server • Previous IP Address and no DHCP server • Lease expires and no DHCP server 9.5 Testing TCP/IP connections • Ping – to check connectivity between devices on a network • Ipconfig – to view current configuration information for a computer • Tracert – to figure out exactly where along the route the breakdown happened • Pathping – combination of ping and tracert

9.6.1Domain Name System (DNS) • Is a naming system that is used in TCP/IP networks to translate computer names to IP address • Example : www.cosmopoint.com.my equals to 203.142.6.21 • Key elements of DNS; • DNS servers run by companies • Internet service provider 9.6.1 Domain namespace • Is a naming scheme that provides the hierarchical structure for the DNS database

DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration